Wiktionary

午

See also: 牛 and 干
午 U+5348, 午
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5348
← 升
[U+5347] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卉 →
[U+5349]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

午 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人十 (OJ) or X人十 (XOJ), four-corner 80400, composition ⿱𠂉十 or ⿰丿干)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 156, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2703
  • Dae Jaweon: page 354, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 406, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5348

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 午

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 午
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卸 *sŋjaːs
汻 *hŋaːŋʔ
滸 *hŋaːʔ
午 *ŋaːʔ
仵 *ŋaːʔ
旿 *ŋaːʔ
忤 *ŋaːs
迕 *ŋaːs
杵 *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞 *ŋaʔ
蘌 *ŋaʔ
篽 *ŋaʔ
禦 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
許 *hŋaʔ
御 *ŋas

Pictogram (象形) – a pestle (now written 杵).

Etymology 1Edit

Norman (1985) proposed connection with Austroasiatic; Ferlus (2013) noted a "[g]ood correspondence" between Proto-Vietic *m-ŋəːʔ (whence Vietnamese ngựa) and Old Chinese reconstructions like *m-qʰˁaʔ (Baxter-Sagart) and *ᵀs.ŋaʔ (Ferlus). Also compare Proto-Hlai *hŋaːʔ (“horse”), Proto-Kra *ŋja C (“horse”).

Alternatively, Smith (2011) proposed 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ)'s cognacy with 啎 (OC *ŋaːs) "to meet head on" and 御 (OC *ŋas) "to meet in (battle)" and suggested that "the moon at its full phase opposes the sun directly in the sky, meaning *ŋaaʔ 午 is probably to be glossed, given *-ʔ , ‘facing stage’". Schuessler (2007) regarded 午 (OC ŋâh) "to go against" as a mere graphic variant of 啎 and thus deemed the sense "to go against" distinct from the "earthly branch" sense.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • gó͘/ngó͘ - literary;
  • gō͘ - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Note:
    • 2u/3hhu - literary;
    • 3ngg - vernacular, used in 端午.
    Rime
    Character 午
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 模 (23)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 疑古切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋuoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋuoX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋoX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋɔX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋoX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋuoX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ng5
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 午 午
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wǔ wǔ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nguX › ‹ nguX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[m].qʰˁaʔ/ /*m-qʰˁaʔ/
    English 7th earthly branch resist; cross-wise

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 午
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13169
    Phonetic
    component         		午
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		五
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋaːʔ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    午

    1. the seventh of twelve earthly branches:
      1. (historical or astrology) the seventh year of the Jovian orbital cycle
      2. (archaic) the fifth month of the Chinese traditional calendar
      3. (historical or archaic) the "Chinese" or "double hour" from 11 am to 1 pm
      4. noon (precisely)
    Coordinate termsEdit
    HypernymsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 午 – see 舞 (“to dance; dance; dancing; etc.”).
    (This character, 午, is the second-round simplified form of 舞.)
    Notes:

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    午

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. noon

    ReadingsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    午
    うま
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    From 馬 (uma, “horse”).

    PronunciationEdit

    Proper nounEdit

    午(うま) • (Uma) 

    1. the Horse, the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    午
    ご
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 午 (nguX).

    Proper nounEdit

    午(ご) • (Go) 

    1. the Horse, the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 午 (MC ŋuoX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅩᆼ〯 (Yale: ngwǒ)

    PronunciationEdit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [o̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [오(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    午, eumhun 낮 오 (nat o)

    1. Hanja form? of 오 (“noon; daytime”). [affix]

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    午: Hán Nôm readings: ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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