疑
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
疑 (Kangxi radical 103, 疋+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心大弓戈人 (PKNIO), four-corner 27481, composition ⿰𠤕⿱龴疋)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 768, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22007
- Dae Jaweon: page 1178, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2751, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7591
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 疑 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 疑 | |
| 2nd round simp. | ⿰忄以 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 疑 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
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Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意): 大 or 文 (“standing human figure”) + 夂 (“tilted head with open mouth”) + 丨 (“cane”) – a man with a cane looking around with his mouth wide open, not know where to go – to be confused; to doubt. Compare: 欠 and 既, both showing the "open-mouth" component but on a seated figure. In the oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions, 彳 or 辵 = 彳 + 止 (“foot; toes”) was often added to indicate travelling or movement.
Various components were added later, e.g. 牛 in the bronze script of Western Zhou, 子 in the Qin-style scripts including the proto-clerical script, and 乙 in the early clerical script of Western Han. Meanwhile the main graphical element showing a standing figure eventually became 𠤕 or sometimes 矣 as in the Chu-style script (shown in the table). The Chu also added a 心 (“heart”) component indicating "the mind".
The Shuowen, in which headwords were written in the Qin-style seal script, interpreted the character as “a child standing on an obstructed road to compare the paths”: semantic 子 (“child”) + semantic 止 (“to be obstructed”) + semantic 匕 (“to compare”) + phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ). Duan Yucai's commentary on Shuowen offered an alternative interpretation, pointing out that 矢 was unlikely to have a the phonetic component: semantic 子 (“child”) + semantic 𠤕 (“uncertain”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). However, it is unlikely that any of the currently extant components had once indicated the pronunciation. Zhengzhang (2003) conjectured that the 子 were a deformed 牛 (OC *ŋʷɯ) that had been the phonetic component.
The current form is derived from the Qin–Han clerical scripts, where on the right-hand side the elements 子 + 止 or 子 + 乙 have recombined into 龴 + 疋.
EtymologyEdit
Perhaps related to 礙 (OC *ŋɯːs, “to obstruct”) (Schuessler, 2007); Cf. Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔ/N-g(r)ak (“to block; to obstruct”) (STEDT, provisional).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
疑
- to doubt; to question
- to suspect
- 62nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "doubt, unconfidence" (𝍃)
- as if
- 飛流直下三千尺，疑是銀河落九天。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Li Bai: The Waterfall on Mount Lu (望廬山瀑布), 701 A.D.–762 A.D.
- Fēiliú zhíxià sānqiānchǐ, yíshì yínhé luòjiǔtiān. [Pinyin]
- Its torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high / As if the Silver River fell from the blue sky.
飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 疑 (MC ŋɨ)
CompoundsEdit
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JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: ぎ (gi, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ぎ (gi, Jōyō)
- On: きょう (kyō)
- Kun: うたがう (utagau, 疑う, Jōyō); うたがわしい (utagawashii, 疑わしい)
CompoundsEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
疑 • (ui, eung) (hangeul 의, 응, revised ui, eung, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, ŭng, Yale uy, ung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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