占

See also: 佔

占 U+5360, 占 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5360 ← 卟 [U+535F] CJK Unified Ideographs 卡 → [U+5361]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

占 (Kangxi radical 25, 卜+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜口 (YR), four-corner 2160₀, composition ⿱⺊口)

Derived characters

• 點(点, 奌), 店, 佔, 𢓕, 沾, 笘, 苫, 坫, 战, 粘, 砧, 拈, 毡, 鉆(钻), 玷, 貼(贴), 黏, 阽, 帖, 扂, 颭(飐), 鮎(鲇), 𡱇, 痁, 𨱬, 㚲, 趈, 迠, 炶, 煔, 枮

• left:

乩, 战, 敁, 覘, 觇, 頕, 㓠, 㣌, 𡖡, 𢧗, 𤿝

• right:

佔, 呫, 坫, 嚸, 岾, 帖, 怗, 拈, 枮, 沾, 炶, 煔, 玷, 砧, 秥, 站, 粘, 胋, 蛅, 袩, 詀, 貼, 贴, 跕, 酟, 鉆, 钻, 阽, 鮎, 鲇, 鹵, 黇, 黏, 點, 㚲, 䀡, 䍄, 䩇, 䩞, 䪓, 䬯, 䴴, 𠕟, 𠸞, 𡖞, 𡖵, 𢓕, 𣩚, 𤘇, 𤝓, 𥿕, 𦕒, 𧮪, 𧲸, 𨱬, 𪉜, 𪎋, 𪕐, 𪖚

• above:

奌, 点, 㤐, 𠛤, 𠧳, 𠧹

• below:

笘, 苫, 䵿, 𦒻, 𦒾, 𩬑

• outside:

卣, 卤, 卥, 𠧚, 𠧧, 𠧪, 𠧸

• inside:

扂, 店, 䦓, 毡, 痁, 趈, 迠, 颭, 飐, 𡱇

• other:

梷, 檆, 蒧, 㸃, 㼭, 𠖣, 𠚝, 𠧱, 𠧴, 𠧵, 𠧷, 𠧺, 𠧾, 𠵑, 𠶧, 𡅴, 𡅾, 𡌐, 𡌽, 𡙏, 𢒦, 𢜋, 𢨟, 𢮸, 𢰷, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀, 𣗴, 𣷀, 𣸾, 𣿤, 𤉽, 𤋒, 𤋧, 𤑰, 𤭥, 𥇞, 𥭔, 𥮒, 𥮠, 𥯎, 𥱱, 𥷠, 𥺦, 𦁦, 𦝿, 𦷙, 𧆗, 𧍈, 𧨼, 𨃊, 𩃅, 𩄷, 𩌓, 𩲦, 𩳨, 𪐇

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 157, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2780
• Dae Jaweon: page 361, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 92, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5360

Chinese

simp. and trad.		占

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 占
Shang	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
頕	*taːm
煔	*ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶	*ɦlaːm
詀	*rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站	*rteːms
檆	*sreːm
黏	*nem
粘	*nem
枮	*slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑	*tem
沾	*tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘	*tems, *tʰem
鉆	*tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占	*ʔljem, *tjems
颭	*tjemʔ
佔	*tjems, *teːm
苫	*hljem, *hljems
痁	*hljem, *teːms
蛅	*njem
阽	*lem
敁	*teːm
掂	*tiːm
點	*teːmʔ
玷	*teːmʔ, *teːms
店	*tiːms
坫	*tiːms, *tim
黇	*tʰeːm
扂	*deːmʔ
拈	*neːm
鮎	*neːm
砧	*ʔl'ɯm
笘	*teːb
跕	*teːb, *tʰeːb
貼	*tʰeːb
帖	*tʰeːb
怗	*tʰeːb
呫	*tʰeːb

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卜 (“divination”) + 口 (“mouth”).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhān (zhan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zim¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiam

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziam¹ / ziang¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
    • Wade–Giles: chan¹
    • Yale: jān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zim¹
    • Yale: jīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
    • Tâi-lô: tsiam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziam¹ / ziang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiam / tsiang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siam³³/, /t͡siaŋ³³/

Note: ziang1 - Chenghai.

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyem

Rime
Character	占
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職廉切
Baxter	tsyem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciam/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛm/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zim1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tem/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔljem/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	占
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhān
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyem ›
Old Chinese	/*tem/
English	prognosticate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	占
Reading #	1/2
No.	16706
Phonetic component	占
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	詹
Old Chinese	/*ʔljem/

Definitions

占

1. to divine; to foretell
2. (obsolete) to watch or to peep
3. Variant pronunciation of sense "to recount orally" below
4. (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) cent
5. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 分 (“fen; cent”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		分
Mandarin	Beijing	分
	Taiwan	分
	Jinan	分
	Xi'an	分
	Wuhan	分
	Chengdu	分
	Yangzhou	分
	Hefei	分
	Malaysia	仙
	Singapore	分
Cantonese	Guangzhou	分
	Hong Kong	仙, 仙士 dated
	Taishan	分, 仙
Gan	Nanchang	分
Hakka	Meixian	分
Jin	Taiyuan	分
Northern Min	Jian'ou	分
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	分
Southern Min	Xiamen	占, 分
	Quanzhou	占
	Zhangzhou	占
	Tainan	仙
	Penang (Hokkien)	鐳, sen
	Singapore (Hokkien)	占
	Manila (Hokkien)	仙
	Chaozhou	分
	Singapore (Teochew)	占
Wu	Suzhou	分
	Wenzhou	分
Xiang	Changsha	分
	Shuangfeng	分

Compounds

• 占人
• 占候
• 占卜 (zhānbǔ)
• 占卦 (zhānguà)
• 占夢
• 占射
• 占房
• 占斷占拜
• 占星 (zhānxīng)
• 占星術 (zhānxīngshù)
• 占筮 (zhānshì)
• 占親
• 占課
• 占身
• 占風使帆
• 占驗
• 占鳳
• 吉占
• 早占勿藥
• 陰占
• 鳳占

 

References

• “占”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhàn (zhan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zim³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiàm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziam³ / ziang³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
    • Wade–Giles: chan⁴
    • Yale: jàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zim³
    • Yale: jim
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzim³
    • Guangdong Romanization: jim³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàm
    • Tâi-lô: tsiàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaxm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siam²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siam¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siam²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziam³ / ziang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàm / tsiàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siam²¹³/, /t͡siaŋ²¹³/

Note: ziang3 - Chenghai.

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyemH

Rime
Character	占
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	章豔切
Baxter	tsyemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇmH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛmH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciamH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛmH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zim3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjems/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	占
Reading #	2/2
No.	16709
Phonetic component	占
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	占
Old Chinese	/*tjems/

Definitions

占

1. to recount orally

Usage notes

Sources vary in the pronunciation of sense "to recount orally". Zhengzitong recorded a level tone, yet Zihui recorded a departing tone.

The standard Mandarin pronunciation is zhàn in Mainland China and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English jam.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zim¹, zem¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zim¹, zem¹
    • Yale: jīm, colloquial sounds not defined
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzim¹, dzem¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jim¹, zém¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm⁵⁵/, /t͡sɛːm⁵⁵/

Definitions

占

1. (Cantonese) jam (type of fruit preserve)

Synonyms

• 果醬／果酱 (guǒjiàng)
• 果子醬／果子酱 (guǒzijiàng)
• (Cantonese) 果占
• (Hokkien) 苒 (rǎn)

Compounds

• 果占

 

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 占 – see 佔 (“to occupy; to possess; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 佔).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Compounds

• 侵占 (qīnzhàn)
• 侵占罪
• 包占
• 占上
• 占上游
• 占上風 (zhàn shàngfēng)
• 占地 (zhàndì)
• 占地步
• 占地盤
• 占場兒／占场儿
• 占強
• 占房
• 占據 (zhànjù)
• 占斷
• 占有 (zhànyǒu)
• 占有權
• 占為己有
• 占用 (zhànyòng)
• 占花魁
• 占課
• 占領 (zhànlǐng)
• 占頭籌／占头筹
• 占鰲頭／占鳌头
• 口占
• 寡占 (guǎzhàn)
• 強占 (qiángzhàn)
• 影占
• 拜占庭 (Bàizhàntíng)
• 搶占 (qiǎngzhàn)
• 攻占 (gōngzhàn)
• 標占
• 獨占 (dúzhàn)
• 獨占花魁
• 獨占資本／独占资本
• 獨占鰲頭／独占鳌头 (dúzhàn'áotóu)
• 獨占鼇頭／独占鳌头
• 稍占上風
• 竊占
• 竊占罪
• 聯合獨占／联合独占
• 進占 (jìnzhàn)
• 陰占
• 霸占 (bàzhàn)
• 鰲頭獨占／鳌头独占
• 鳩占鵲巢／鸠占鹊巢 (jiūzhànquècháo)
• 鵲巢鳩占／鹊巢鸠占 (quècháojiūzhàn)
• 鼇頭獨占／鳌头独占

 

Japanese

Kanji

占

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kun: しめる (shimeru, 占める, Jōyō); うらなう (uranau, 占う, Jōyō)^{←うらなふ (uranafu, 占ふ, historical)}; うら (ura, 占)

Compounds

Compounds

• 占(せん)卜(ぼく) (senboku): augury, divination, fortune-telling
• 卜(ぼく)占(せん) (bokusen): augury, divination, fortune-telling
• 複(ふく)占(せん) (fukusen): duopoly

Noun

Kanji in this term
占
うら Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
卜

占(うら) • (ura) 

1. (archaic) fortune-telling

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 占 (MC tsyemH).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 졈〮 (Yale: cyém) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹m]
• Phonetic hangul: [점]

Hanja

Wikisource

占 (eumhun 차지할 점 (chajihal jeom))

1. Hanja form^? of 점 (“to hold; to occupy”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 점거 (占據, jeomgeo)
• 점득 (占得, jeomdeuk)
• 점령 (占領, jeomnyeong)
• 점유 (占有, jeomyu)
• 독점 (獨占, dokjeom)
• 매점 (買占, maejeom)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 占 (MC tsyem).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 졈 (Yale: cyem) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 졈 (cyem)訓 (Yale: cyem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. Recorded as Middle Korean 졈 (cyem)訓 (Yale: cyem) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹m]
• Phonetic hangul: [점]

Hanja

占 (eumhun 점칠 점 (jeomchil jeom))

1. Hanja form^? of 점 (“to augur; to divine”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 점괘 (占卦, jeomgwae)
• 점서 (占書, jeomseo)
• 점서 (占筮, jeomseo)
• 점술 (占術, jeomsul)
• 신점 (神占, sinjeom, “divination”)
• 점성술 (占星術, jeomseongsul)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

占: Hán Nôm readings: Chiêm, chăm, chàm, chễm, chím, chiếm, giếm, chầm, chằm, chem, coi, xem

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.