檎

Translingual edit

Han character edit

檎 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 木人卜月 (DOYB), four-corner 4892₇, composition ⿰木禽)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 556, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15657
Dae Jaweon: page 946, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1304, character 2
Unihan data for U+6A8E

Chinese edit

trad.		檎
simp. ^#		檎

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	l̥ʰuːms, luːms
酓	qʰɯːm, qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	qʰɯːm, ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	ɡɯːm, ɡɯːmʔ
頷	ɡɯːm, ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	ɡɯːmʔ, ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	qɯːm, qaːb
韽	qɯːm, qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	qʰrɯːm, kʰjam, qʰlɯːm, ɡrɯms
欦	qʰrɯːmʔ, qʰram, kʰlam, kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	ɡram, ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	ɡram, ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	sɡɯm, sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	sɡrɯm, ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	ŋɡrɯm, ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	qʰrɯm, qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
霠
飲	qrɯmʔ, qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	ɡrɯn, ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯm): semantic 木 + phonetic 禽 (OC *ɡrɯm).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qín (qin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kam⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khìm / kó / ngò
Min Bei (KCR): gěng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khîm / gò͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): kim⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qín
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cín
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin²
  - Yale: chín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
  - Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kam⁴
  - Yale: kàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐm²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khìm / kó
  - Hakka Romanization System: kimˇ / go`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kim² / go³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰim¹¹/, /ko³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khìm / kó / ngò
  - Hakka Romanization System: kimˇ / go` / ngoˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kim² / go³ / ngo²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰim¹¹/, /ko³¹/, /ŋo¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gěng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keiŋ²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîm
  - Tâi-lô: khîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiim
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰim¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kʰim²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰim²³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gò͘
  - Tâi-lô: gòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gox
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ɡɔ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kim⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khîm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰim⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: gim

Rime
Character	檎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨金切
Baxter	gim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjim/
Li Rong	/ɡjəm/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kam⁴