See also:
U+5FF5, 念
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FF5

[U+5FF4]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5FF6]
U+F9A3, 念
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A3

[U+F9A2]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9A4]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 61, +4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓心 (OINP), four-corner 80332, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 378, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10390
  • Dae Jaweon: page 706, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2274, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5FF5

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *nɯːms) : phonetic (OC *krɯm) + semantic (heart).

Alternatively: Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : + (see: 張富海:《利用諧聲構擬上古音應該註意的幾個問題》,《出土文獻》,2021年第1期,頁134。)

Etymology

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𫝹

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njam. Cognate with Tibetan ཉམ (nyam), ཉམས (nyams, soul, mind, heart), སྙམ (snyam, to think, to feel) (Quan, 1996). Related to (OC *njɯm, *njɯmʔ, “to think, to miss”).

Schuessler (2007) notes it may be an area word; compare Khmer ចំណាំ (cɑmnam, memory; recollection), Proto-Austronesian *nemnem (to think).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • niam6 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
  • liam6 - Chaozhou;
  • niang6 - Chenghai.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (8)
Final () (157)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter nemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nemH/
Pan
Wuyun
/nemH/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nɛmH/
Li
Rong
/nemH/
Wang
Li
/niemH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/niemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
niàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nim6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
niàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ nemH ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁim-s/
English think of

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6588
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*nɯːms/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. to miss; to long for; to think of; to recall
  2. to consider; to contemplate
  3. Alternative form of 廿 (niàn, twenty)
  4. to worry; to be anxious about
  5. to feel compassion for; to pity
  6. to show tender affection for
  7. to commemorate; to memorialise; to pay tribute to
  8. idea; thought
  9. to nag
  10. (Buddhism) memory
  11. a surname
Synonyms
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  • (to miss):
  • (to consider):
  • (idea):

Pronunciation 2

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trad. /
simp.

Note:
  • niam7 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
  • liam7 - Chaozhou;
  • niang7 - Chenghai.

Definitions

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  1. to read aloud; to chant; to recite
    • 2022 October 16, “69歲習近平20大政治報告 未讀全文省略1小時”, in Central News Agency[1], archived from the original on 16 October 2022[2]:
      除了報告內容外,今年外界關注,已69歲的習近平是否會比照5年前的19大朗讀報告全文。19大的政治報告總共3萬2000多字,當時習近平以近3個小時完全文。
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. to study (at a school); to learn
  3. (Taiwan) to nag

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Noun

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(ねん) (nen

  1. sense
  2. feeling

Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 생각 (saenggak nyeom), word-initial (South Korea) 생각 (saenggak yeom))

  1. hanja form? of / (thought)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: niệm, niềm, núm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.