U+9ED4, 黔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ED4

[U+9ED3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9ED5]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 203, +4, 16 strokes, cangjie input 田火人戈弓 (WFOIN), four-corner 68327, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1519, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48056
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2052, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4744, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+9ED4

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡram, *ɡrɯm): semantic (black) + phonetic (OC *krɯm)

Etymology edit

Perhaps an areal word related to Longzhou Zhuang kʰam¹ ("cloudy; dark"), Proto-Katuic *koom (black) (Schuessler, 2007). See also and .

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • khiâm - literary;
  • khâm - vernacular.
Note:
  • kim5/ngim5 - literary (ngim5 - alternative pronunciation);
  • kam5 - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (30) (30)
Final () (140) (154)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter gim gjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡˠiɪm/ /ɡˠiᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡᵚim/ /ɡᵚiɛm/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiem/ /ɡiæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gjim/ /gjiam/
Li
Rong
/ɡjəm/ /ɡjɛm/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭĕm/ /ɡĭɛm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯əm/ /gi̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qín qián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
kam4 kim4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qián
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjem ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ](r)[o]m/
English black

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6580 6606
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡram/ /*ɡrɯm/

Definitions edit

  1. (literary) black
  2. (obsolete) to blacken by tanning or exposure to smoke
  3. () Name of a prefecture in ancient China now located in Chongqing and Guizhou.
  4. Short for 貴州贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”).
  5. a surname

Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

(geom, geum) (hangeul , , revised geom, geum, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, kŭm, Yale kem, kum)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

: Hán Nôm readings: kiềm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.