牝

See also: 牡

牝	U+725D, 牝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-725D

← 牜
[U+725C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

牞 →
[U+725E]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

牝 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹手心 (HQP), four-corner 2151₀, composition ⿰牛匕)

Derived characters edit

𪊯, 𪀻(𬸋)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 697, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19925
Dae Jaweon: page 1109, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1800, character 4
Unihan data for U+725D

Chinese edit

trad.		牝
simp. ^#		牝
alternative forms		匕𪊯𤘥

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 牝
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (匕) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
匕	*pilʔ
庀	*pʰelʔ
疕	pʰelʔ, pilʔ, *pʰrilʔ
朼	*pilʔ
牝	bilʔ, binʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bilʔ, *binʔ) : semantic 牛 (“cattle”) + phonetic 匕 (OC *pilʔ).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pwi(y)-n (“female, mother, big, molar”) (STEDT, Schuessler (2007)). Cognate with Mizo pui (“(suffix or particle) full-grown female, mother (generally used of animals)”), ha-pui (“molar”); Jingpho wi ~ yi (“female”); etc.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pìn (pin⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pan⁵, fan⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pìn
  - Wade–Giles: pʻin⁴
  - Yale: pìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pinn
  - Palladius: пинь (pinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰin⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pan⁵, fan⁵
  - Yale: páhn, fáhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pan⁵, fan⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: pen⁵, fen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐn¹³/, /fɐn¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pin
  - Tâi-lô: pin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pyn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pin⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pin³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pin⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pin⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pin⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: bjijX, bjinX

Rime
Character	牝	牝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	扶履切	毗忍切
Baxter	bjijX	bjinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/biɪ^X/	/biɪn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bi^X/	/bin^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bjɪ^X/	/bjen^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bi^X/	/bin^X/
Li Rong	/bi^X/	/biĕn^X/
Wang Li	/bi^X/	/bĭĕn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi^X/	/bʱi̯ĕn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì	bìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei⁶	ban⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]irʔ/, /*[b]irʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*bilʔ/, /*binʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	牝	牝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pìn	pìn
Middle Chinese	‹ bjij^X ›	‹ bjin^X ›
Old Chinese	/[b]irʔ/ (dialect: -r > *-j)	/*[b]irʔ/
English	female of animals	female of animals
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牝	牝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	489	490
Phonetic component	匕	匕
Rime group	脂	眞
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	牝	牝
Old Chinese	/*bilʔ/	/*binʔ/

Definitions edit

牝

(of an animal) female
Synonym: 雌 (cí)

Antonym: 牡 (mǔ)
- 秉心塞淵、騋牝三千。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  秉心塞渊、𱅕牝三千。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Bǐng xīn sèyuān, láipìn sānqiān. [Pinyin]
  'Maintaining in his heart a profound devotion to his duties; his tall mares [/ female horses] amounted to three thousand.'.
- 在獸則牡為陽而牝為陰；……。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  在兽则牡为阳而牝为阴；……。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Shuoyuan, circa 1^st century BCE
  Zài shòu zé mǔ wéi yáng ér pìn wéi yīn;....... [Pinyin]
  Among quadrupeds, male are yang and female are yin; [...].
(literary) female genitalia
gorge; valley
type of keyhole in ancient times

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 陰戶 (“vulva; female genitalia”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		牝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		陰戶, 陰門, 女陰, 外陰, 膣 literary
Mandarin	Beijing	屄
	Taiwan	妹妹
	Harbin	屄, 屄眼兒, 屄眼子, 尿窩窩兒
	Yantai (Muping)	屄, 胯子, 鴨巴子, 巴子, 屄揪, 屄心兒, 花蛤兒, 毛蛤兒, 包子
	Jinan	屄
	Luoyang	屄, 水門
	Wanrong	屄
	Xi'an	屄
	Yinchuan	屄
	Lanzhou	屄
	Xining	屄
	Ürümqi	屄
	Wuhan	屄, 麻屄, 胯胯 †
	Chengdu	屄, 胯胯 †
	Guiyang	屄
	Guilin	𫱋
	Liuzhou	屄, 閪, 𫱋
	Xuzhou	屄, 屄心子, 海蚆子, 卷子
	Yangzhou	屄
	Nanjing	屄, 尿門
	Hefei	屄
	Nantong	屄
	Malaysia	屄
Cantonese	Guangzhou	閪, 西 euphemistic
	Hong Kong	閪, 妹妹 euphemistic, 西 euphemistic, 蟹 euphemistic, 蝦 euphemistic
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	屄, 閪
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	閪
	Macau	閪
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	閪
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	閪
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	閪
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	閪
	Foshan	閪
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	閪
	Foshan (Shunde)	閪
	Foshan (Sanshui)	閪
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	閪
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	閪
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	閪
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	閪
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	閪
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	閪, 屄
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	閪
	Taishan	閪
	Kaiping (Chikan)	閪
	Enping (Niujiang)	閪
	Heshan (Yayao)	閪
	Dongguan	閪
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	閪
	Qingyuan	閪
	Fogang	閪
	Yingde (Hanguang)	閪
	Yangshan	閪
	Lianshan (Butian)	閪
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	閪
	Shaoguan	閪, 膣屄
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	閪
	Renhua	膣屄
	Lechang	閪
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	閪
	Sihui	屄
	Guangning	閪
	Huaiji	閪
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	閪
	Yunfu	閪
	Xinxing	閪
	Luoding	閪
	Yunan (Pingtai)	閪兒
	Yangjiang	閪
	Xinyi	閪
	Nanning	閪
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	閪
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	閪
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	閪
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	閪
	Singapore (Guangfu)	閪
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	閪
	Móng Cái	閪
Gan	Nanchang	屄
	Lichuan	屄
	Pingxiang	屄
Hakka	Meixian	膣, 膣屄, 屄, 屄仔
	Xingning	膣屄
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	屄, 閪
	Huiyang	膣屄, 膣
	Huidong (Daling)	膣屄
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	膣屄
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	膣屄
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	閪屄
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	膣屄
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	膣, 膣屄
	Wuhua (Changbu)	膣屄
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	膣屄
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	屄
	Wengyuan	膣屄
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	膣
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	膣屄
	Liannan	膣屄
	Conghua (Lütian)	膣屄
	Jiexi	膣
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	膣
	Changting	膣
	Wuping	膣嫲
	Wuping (Yanqian)	膣屄
	Wuping (Pingyu)	膣屄
	Liancheng	膣
	Ninghua	膣
	Yudu	屄, 屄坨, 膣
	Ningdu	屄, 膣屄
	Ruijin	屄
	Shicheng	膣, 屄
	Shangyou (Shexi)	膣屄
	Tonggu (Sandu)	屄子
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	屄
	Dayu	屄
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	膣屄, 螺杯仔
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	膣屄, 螺杯仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	膣屄
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	膣屄, 蟯杯仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	膣屄, 蟯杯
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	膣屄, 螺杯
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	膣屄, 蟯杯, 蛤蟆仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	膣屄
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	膣屄
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	膣屄
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	膣屄, 蚶杯
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	膣屄
	Hong Kong	膣屄
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	閪
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	閪
	Xinyi (Sihe)	閪
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	閪
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	閪
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	閪
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	閪
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	膣屄, 閪
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	膣屄
	Mengshan (Xihe)	閪
	Luchuan	閪
	Sabah (Longchuan)	膣屄
	Senai (Huiyang)	膣屄
	Kuching (Hepo)	膣屄
	Singkawang	膣屄
Huizhou	Jixi	屄
	Shexian	屄
	Tunxi	屄
Jin	Taiyuan	屄, 扁雞, 咶蛋 †
Jin	Xinzhou	屄, 扁雞子, 扁雞雞, 扁琉子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	屄
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	屄界
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	㞠屄
	Jianyang	屄
	Wuyishan	屄
	Pucheng (Shibei)	屄
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	姕髀, 姕, 舊舊, 舊舊囝 †
	Changle	姕髀
	Fuqing	姕髀, 姕
	Yongtai	屄屄囝
	Gutian	姕髀
	Fu'an	屄
	Ningde	老姕
	Shouning	屄
	Zhouning	屄
	Fuding	屌
Southern Min	Xiamen	膣屄, 膣
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	膣屄
	Quanzhou	膣屄
	Jinjiang	膣屄, 屄
	Zhangzhou	膣屄, 參屄, 蟯
	Zhangpu	膣
	Zhao'an	膣屄, 蛤婆
	Taipei	膣屄, 蟯
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	膣屄, 膣屄仔, 蟯
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	膣屄, 蟯
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	膣屄
	Kaohsiung	膣屄, 蟯杯
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	膣屄, 膣屄仔, 粉蟯
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	膣屄, 蟯仔, 蚶仔
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	膣屄
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	膣屄
	Yilan	膣屄
	Yilan (Luodong)	膣屄, 田杯
	Yilan (Toucheng)	膣屄, 蟯仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	膣屄
	Taichung	膣屄
	Taichung (Wuqi)	膣屄
	Tainan	膣屄, 水雞, 蟯仔
	Tainan (Anping)	膣屄, 水雞, 蚶仔
	Taitung	膣屄
	Hsinchu	膣屄
	Kinmen	膣屄, 蚶
	Penghu (Magong)	膣屄, 蚶
	Penghu (Xiyu)	膣屄, 蚶
	Penang (Hokkien)	膣屄, puki
	Singapore (Hokkien)	膣屄
	Manila (Hokkien)	膣屄
	Medan (Hokkien)	膣屄
	Longyan	膣屄
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	膣屄
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	閪
	Chaozhou	膣
	Shantou	膣
	Shantou (Chenghai)	膣
	Jieyang	膣, 蠔
	Haifeng	膣, 膣屄
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	膣
	Singapore (Teochew)	膣
	Leizhou	膣
	Haikou	膣
Puxian Min	Putian	膣
Puxian Min	Xianyou	膣屄
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	閪
Wu	Shanghai	屄, 䐁 dated, 皮夾子 slang
	Shanghai (Chongming)	屄
	Suzhou	屄
	Danyang	屄, 屄屄 †
	Hangzhou	屄, 凹屄
	Ningbo	屄, 卵脬, 卵脬皮
	Wenzhou	屄, 臀卵𠩘, 瓪, 𠩘𠩘 †
	Jinhua	屄, 老屄
Xiang	Changsha	屄, 麻屄, 屄屄
	Loudi	屄, 麻屄, 毛板雞 humorous
	Shuangfeng	麻屄
	Quanzhou	屄
Note	† - of a girl