塞
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
塞 (radical 32 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金土 (JTCG), four-corner 30104, composition ⿱𡨄土)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 236, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5349
- Dae Jaweon: page 474, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 475, character 1
- Unihan data for U+585E
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
塞 |
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Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 塞 | ||
---|---|---|
Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (塞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
賽 | *slɯːɡs |
塞 | *slɯːɡs, *slɯːɡ |
簺 | *slɯːɡs |
僿 | *hljɯɡs |
寨 | *zraːds, *slɯːɡ |
Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 宀 (“house”) + 工 (“two items”) + 廾 (“two hands”) – stuffing the house with items.
Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 𡨄 + 土 (“soil”).
Pronunciation 1Edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sak1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): set
- Min Dong (BUC): sék / sáik
- Min Nan (POJ): sak / sek / siak / sat
- Wu (Wiktionary): seq (T4)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄞ
- Wade-Giles: sai1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sai
- IPA (key): /saɪ̯⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (塞兒/塞儿)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄞㄦ
- Wade-Giles: sairh1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sal
- IPA (key): /sɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄜˋ
- Wade-Giles: sê4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seh
- IPA (key): /sɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan variant)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄟ
- Wade-Giles: sei1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sei
- IPA (key): /seɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- sāi - vernacular (“to stuff; to be jammed; stopper”);
- sēi - low vernacular (“to stuff”);
- sè - literary.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sak1
- Yale: sāk
- Cantonese Pinyin: sak7
- Guangdong Romanization: seg1
- IPA (key): /sɐk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: set
- Hakka Romanization System: sed`
- Hagfa Pinyim: sed5
- IPA: /set̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sék / sáik
- IPA (key): /sɛiʔ²⁴/, /saiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- sék - vernacular;
- sáik - literary.
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sak
- Tâi-lô: sak
- Phofsit Daibuun: sag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
- Tâi-lô: sik
- Phofsit Daibuun: seg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
- Tâi-lô: siak
- Phofsit Daibuun: siag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sat
- Tâi-lô: sat
- Phofsit Daibuun: sad
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /sat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: seq (T4)
- IPA (key): /səʔ⁵⁵/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 塞 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
Final (韻) | 德 (131) |
Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 蘇則切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/sək̚/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/sək̚/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/sək̚/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/sək̚/ |
Li Rong |
/sək̚/ |
Wang Li |
/sək̚/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/sək̚/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
se |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 塞 |
Reading # | 2/3 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
sài |
Middle Chinese |
‹ sojH › |
Old Chinese |
/*[s]ˤək-s/ |
English | pass (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 塞 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
No. | 10961 |
Phonetic component |
塞 |
Rime group |
職 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
塞 |
Old Chinese |
/*slɯːɡ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
塞
- to stop up; to block up
- to stuff; to cram; to squeeze in
- to be blocked; to be jammed
- to forbid; to suppress; to prohibit
- to satisfy; to fulfil
- to compensate; to remedy
- to answer; to repay
- to manage to arrange a position for someone
- to practise bribe
- to evade; to stall
- stopper; cork
- to be in a difficult position; destitute
- honest; truthful
CompoundsEdit
|
|
Pronunciation 2Edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): coi3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sai
- Min Dong (BUC): sái
- Min Nan (POJ): sài
- Wu (Wiktionary): se (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄞˋ
- Wade-Giles: sai4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: say
- IPA (key): /saɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: coi3
- Yale: choi
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi3
- Guangdong Romanization: coi3
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sai
- Hakka Romanization System: sai
- Hagfa Pinyim: sai4
- IPA: /sa̯i⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sái
- IPA (key): /sɑi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: se (T2)
- IPA (key): /se̞³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 塞 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 先代切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/sʌiH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/səiH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/sɒiH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/səjH/ |
Li Rong |
/sᴀiH/ |
Wang Li |
/sɒiH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/sɑ̆iH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
sài |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 塞 |
Reading # | 1/3 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
sài |
Middle Chinese |
‹ sojH › |
Old Chinese |
/*[s]ˤək-s/ |
English | frontier |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 塞 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
No. | 10958 |
Phonetic component |
塞 |
Rime group |
代 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
賽 |
Old Chinese |
/*slɯːɡs/ |
DefinitionsEdit
塞
- (historical) place of strategic importance; pass; fortress
- to build fortress; to construct fortifications
- frontier; border
- (specifically) the northern frontier of imperial China, as demarcated by the Great Wall
- Alternative form of 賽/赛 (sài, “to compete, contend; contest, race”).
- Alternative form of 簺 (sài, “an ancient gambling game”).
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: そく (soku, Jōyō); さい (sai, Jōyō)
- Kan’on: そく (soku, Jōyō); さい (sai, Jōyō)
- Kun: ふさがる (fusagaru, 塞がる, Jōyō); ふさぐ (fusagu, 塞ぐ, Jōyō); みちる (michiru, 塞ちる); とりで (toride, 塞)
CompoundsEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
塞 • (sae, saek) (hangeul 새, 색, revised sae, saek, McCune-Reischauer sae, saek, Yale say, sayk)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.