雌
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
雌 (radical 172, 隹+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜一心人土 (YMPOG), four-corner 20114, composition ⿰此隹)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1366, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41998
- Dae Jaweon: page 1871, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4098, character 18
- Unihan data for U+96CC
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
雌 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 雌 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 些 | *saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs |
| 跐 | *ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ |
| 柴 | *zreː |
| 祡 | *zreː |
| 茈 | *zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze |
| 眦 | *zreːs |
| 砦 | *zraːds |
| 寨 | *zraːds, *slɯːɡ |
| 啙 | *ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ |
| 泚 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ |
| 玼 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze |
| 皉 | *sʰeːʔ |
| 鮆 | *zeːʔ, *ʔse |
| 眥 | *zeːs, *zes |
| 貲 | *ʔse |
| 髭 | *ʔse |
| 頾 | *ʔse |
| 訾 | *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
| 鴜 | *ʔse, *ze |
| 鈭 | *ʔse, *sʰe |
| 姕 | *ʔse, *sʰe, *ze |
| 觜 | *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
| 紫 | *ʔseʔ |
| 訿 | *ʔseʔ |
| 呰 | *ʔseʔ |
| 嘴 | *ʔseʔ |
| 雌 | *sʰe |
| 此 | *sʰeʔ |
| 佌 | *sʰeʔ, *seʔ |
| 庛 | *sʰes |
| 疵 | *ze |
| 骴 | *ze, *zes |
| 胔 | *ze, *zes |
| 飺 | *ze |
| 齜 | *ʔsre |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰe): phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 隹.
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
雌
Usage notesEdit
- Commonly used for animals and plants to mean "female" in academic contexts, less commonly used in non-academic contexts (use "母" instead), and not used for humans (use "女" instead). For example:
AntonymsEdit
- 雄 (xióng, “male”)
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “雌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雌 |
| めす Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 牝 |
First cited to 1867.[1]
The initial me- is the same me component seen in many terms referring to senses of "female". The final -su portion is of uncertain derivation.
The kanji as used originally in Chinese and in older Japanese with the on'yomi of shi referred more specifically to female birds. If the term mesu is much older than the 1800s, the final -su portion may be the ancient morpheme that appears in various names for types of bird, such as 烏 (karasu, “crow”) or 鶯 (uguisu, “bush warbler”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 雌黒豹紋 (mesugurohyōmon): the Argynnis sagana, a type of butterfly
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雌 |
| め Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 牝 |
Appears in the Kojiki of 712 C.E..[1]
From Old Japanese 女 (me, “woman”). This spelling is used exclusively for non-human contexts.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雌 |
| めん Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 牝 |
First cited to 1839.[1]
/me no/ → /men/
From fusion of 雌 (me, “female plant or animal”) + の (no, “possessive particle”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雌 |
| し Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 雌 (MC t͡sʰiᴇ).
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
- female (plant or animal)
- Antonym: 雄 (yū)
- effeminate
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
雌 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Old JapaneseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Extension of 女 (me1, “woman”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
NounEdit
雌 (me1) (kana め)
Derived termsEdit
- 雌鳥 (me1do2ri)
DescendantsEdit
- Japanese: 雌 (め, me)
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.