百戰百勝

Chinese edit

	a hundred battles; many battles	to win a hundred victories; to win every battle; to be ever-victorious
trad. (百戰百勝)	百戰	百勝
simp. (百战百胜)	百战	百胜
Literally: “to fight a hundred battles and win a hundred victories”.

Etymology edit

From The Art of War:

是故百戰百勝，非善之善者也；不戰而屈人之兵，善之善者也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

是故百战百胜，非善之善者也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Art of War, circa 5^th century BCE

Shìgù bǎizhànbǎishèng, fēi shàn zhī shàn zhě yě; bù zhàn ér qū rén zhī bīng, shàn zhī shàn zhě yě. [Pinyin]

Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting.

Alternatively, from Guanzi:

是故以眾擊寡，以治擊亂，以富擊貧，以能擊不能，以教卒練士擊敺眾白徒，故十戰十勝，百戰百勝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

是故以众击寡，以治击乱，以富击贫，以能击不能，以教卒练士击驱众白徒，故十战十胜，百战百胜。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

Shìgù yǐ zhòng jī guǎ, yǐ zhì jī luàn, yǐ fù jī pín, yǐ néng jī bùnéng, yǐ jiàozú liànshì jī qūzhòng báitú, gù shí zhàn shí shèng, bǎizhànbǎishèng. [Pinyin]

The reason for this is that the many should be used to attack the few, the well organized to attack the disorganized, the well equipped to attack the poorly equipped, the able to attack the incompetent, well-instructed troops and trained knights to attack impressed hordes and untrained conscripts. As a result, in ten battles there will be ten victories; in a hundred battles, a hundred victories.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǎizhànbǎishèng

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ ㄓㄢˋ ㄅㄞˇ ㄕㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): baak³ zin³ baak³ sing³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pak-chan-pak-sṳn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pek-chiàn-pek-sèng

(Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁴ ziang³ bêh⁴ sêng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎizhànbǎishèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ ㄓㄢˋ ㄅㄞˇ ㄕㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎijhànbǎishèng
  - Wade–Giles: pai³-chan⁴-pai³-shêng⁴
  - Yale: bǎi-jàn-bǎi-shèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baejannbaeshenq
  - Palladius: байчжаньбайшэн (bajčžanʹbajšɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: baak³ zin³ baak³ sing³
  - Yale: baak jin baak sing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁸ dzin³ baak⁸ sing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: bag³ jin³ bag³ xing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚³ t͡siːn³³ paːk̚³ sɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak-chan-pak-sṳn
  - Hakka Romanization System: bag` zan bag` siin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bag⁵ zan⁴ bag⁵ sin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pak̚² t͡san⁵⁵ pak̚² sɨn⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek-chiàn-pek-sèng
  - Tâi-lô: pik-tsiàn-pik-sìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pekciernpeksexng
  - IPA (Taipei): /piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bêh⁴ ziang³ bêh⁴ sêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: peh tsiàng peh sèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ²⁻⁴ t͡siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ peʔ²⁻⁴ seŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: paek tsyenH paek syingH

Rime
Character	百	戰	勝
Reading #	1/1	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	章 (23)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	庚 (113)	仙 (77)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III	III
Fanqie	博陌切	之膳切	詩證切
Baxter	paek	tsyenH	syingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠæk̚/	/t͡ɕiᴇn^H/	/ɕɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚak̚/	/t͡ɕiɛn^H/	/ɕɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pak̚/	/t͡ɕjæn^H/	/ɕieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨjk̚/	/cian^H/	/ɕiŋ^H/
Li Rong	/pɐk̚/	/t͡ɕiɛn^H/	/ɕiəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/pɐk̚/	/t͡ɕĭɛn^H/	/ɕĭəŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɐk̚/	/t͡ɕi̯ɛn^H/	/ɕi̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo	zhàn	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak¹	zin³	sing³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤrak tar-s pˤrak l̥əŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*praːɡ tjans praːɡ hljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	百	戰	戰	勝
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎi	zhàn	zhàn	shèng
Middle Chinese	‹ pæk ›	‹ tsyen^H ›	‹ tsyen^H ›	‹ sying^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁrak/	/*tar-s/	/*tar-s/	/*l̥əŋ-s/
English	hundred	to fear	battle	overcome; surpass
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	百	戰	勝
Reading #	1/1	1/1	2/2
No.	194	2019	17128
Phonetic component	白	單	朕
Rime group	鐸	元	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	伯	戰	勝
Old Chinese	/*praːɡ/	/*tjans/	/*hljɯŋs/