苧

See also: 苎, 薴, and 柠

苧 U+82E7, 苧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82E7 ← 苦 [U+82E6] CJK Unified Ideographs 苨 → [U+82E8]

Translingual

Han character

苧 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十一弓 (TJMN) or 難廿十一弓 (XTJMN), four-corner 4420₁, composition ⿱艹宁)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30798
• Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3196, character 4
• Unihan data for U+82E7

Chinese

Etymology 1

Glyph origin

Simplified from 薴 (寧 → 宁).

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 苧 – see 薴 (“disorderly; messy; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 薴).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

trad.		苧
simp.		苎
alternative forms		紵／纻

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (宁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貯	*taʔ
詝	*taʔ
柠	*tʰaʔ
宁	*da, *daʔ
佇	*daʔ
竚	*daʔ
苧	*daʔ
紵	*daʔ
羜	*daʔ
眝	*daʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cyu⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
    • Wade–Giles: chu⁴
    • Yale: jù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
    • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cyu⁵
    • Yale: chyúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: qu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyː¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: drjoX

Rime
Character	苧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直吕切
Baxter	drjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/ȡiɔX/
Wang Li	/ȡĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*daʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苧
Reading #	1/1
No.	17635
Phonetic component	宁
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*daʔ/
Notes	同芧又爲紵後起字

Definitions

苧

1. Boehmeria nivea (ramie)

Compounds

• 白苧
• 績麻拈苧／绩麻拈苎
• 苧麻 (zhùmá)
• 麻苧

 

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 苧 – see 芧. (This character is a variant form of 芧).

Japanese

Kanji

苧

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じょ (jo)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ま (ma)
• Kun: お (o, 苧)^{←を (wo, 苧, historical)}; むし (mushi); からむし (karamushi, 苧); からんし (karanshi, 苧); こるむし (korumushi, 苧)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
苧
お Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Alternative forms

• 麻

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞]

Noun

苧(お) • (o) ^{←を (wo)?}

1. hemp or ramie
   • c. 918, Honzō Wamyō:

     苧根 山苧_{相似、不入用}和名乎乃祢

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. thread made from the outer husk of the stems of hemp or ramie
3. a textile made from this thread

Synonyms

• (hemp): 麻(あさ) (asa)
• (ramie): 苧(からむし) (karamushi)
• (thread, in general): 糸(いと) (ito)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 苧(お)の実(み)油(あぶら) (onomiabura): oil from the hemp or ramie seed
• 苧(お)引(ひ)き, 苧(お)引(ひき) (ohiki): the process of pulling the hemp or ramie fibers from the husk
• 苧(お)屋(や) (oya): a shop or store selling ramie
• 桶(おけ) (oke): a tub or basin
• 苧(お)桶(おけ) (ōke): a tub or basin in which the collected hemp or ramie fibers are placed

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
苧
むし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Possibly the original name for the plant, or for the fiber from this plant.

Compare Korean 모시 (mosi, “ramie cloth; ramie plant”), Ainu モセ (mose), ムセ (muse, “nettle plant; bast fiber in general”). Alexander Vovin believes that the Old Japanese word was borrowed from Korean. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Alternative forms

• 枲 (rare), 帔 (rare)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ᵝɕi]

Noun

苧(むし) • (mushi) 

1. (obsolete) old name for karamushi: the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea
2. short for 帔(むしのたれぎぬ), 枲(むし)の垂(た)れ衣(ぎぬ) (mushi no tareginu), a kind of veil made of ramie and worn from the brim of a hat by women from the Heian period through the Kamakura period

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
苧
からむし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Appears to be a compound of 殻 (kara, “husk”) +‎ 苧 (mushi, “ramie fiber”).

Some sources suggest that the mushi component derives from 蒸し (mushi, “steaming”), from verb 蒸す (musu, “to steam something; to be steamy or muggy”). However, ramie is not processed using steam, so these are more likely to be folk etymologies.

Alternative forms

• 苧麻, 紵 (rare), 枲 (rare), 葈 (rare)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) から​むし [kàráꜜmùshì] (Nakadaka – [2])
• (Tokyo) からむし [kàrámúshí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠mɯ̟ᵝɕi]

Noun

苧(からむし) • (karamushi) 

1. the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea (syn. Boehmeria nipononivea)
2. a thread made from the fibers of this plant
3. a textile made from this thread
   • circa 800, Hiroshi Tsukishima, Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi, Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN, page 47:

     蒭麻衣 加良牟斯衣

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• 苧(からむし)頭(ず)巾(きん) (karamushi zukin): a 頭巾 (zukin, “headcloth, bandana”) made from ramie

References

• Boehmeria at The Plant List

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
苧
からんし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/karamuɕi/ → /karanɕi/

Alteration from karamushi. Rare and obsolete reading.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾã̠ɰ̃ɕi]

Noun

苧(からんし) • (karanshi) 

1. (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant
2. (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant
3. (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
苧
こるむし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/karamuɕi/ → /korumuɕi/

Alteration from karamushi. Rare and obsolete reading.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ɾɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝɕi]

Noun

苧(こるむし) • (korumushi) 

1. (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant
2. (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant
3. (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread
   • circa 800, Hiroshi Tsukishima, Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi, Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN, page 47:

     纎麻衣 古流牟斯衣

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
苧
ま Hyōgaiji
kan’yōon

From Middle Chinese 薴 (MC nreang), but read with the on'yomi from 麻 (ma, “hemp”). Compare modern Mandarin 苧 (zhù), 麻 (má).

Alternative forms

• 麻

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ma̠]

Affix

苧(ま) • (ma) 

1. the ramie or hemp plant or fiber

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 苧(ま)物(もの) (mamono): a rope or line made of hemp or ramie fiber
• 苧(ま)麻(お) (mao): ramie; a kind of thread made from ramie; (slang) adultery

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
苧
ちょ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 薴 (MC nreang). Compare modern Mandarin 苧 (zhù).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞]

Affix

苧(ちょ) • (cho) 

1. the ramie or hemp plant or fiber

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 苧(ちょ)麻(ま) (choma): hemp or ramie

References

• Fukane no Sukehito (c. 901–923) Maruyama Yumiko, Wu Qian, editors, Honzō Wamyō: Eiin, Honkoku to Kenkyū) (in Japanese), Kyūko Shoin, published 2021, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

苧 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

苧: Hán Nôm readings: trữ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.