Wiktionary

Jesus

See also: Iesus, JEsus, Jesús, Jésus, Jèsus, and jesus

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English Jhesus, Iesus, from Latin Iēsūs, from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), from Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ), a contracted form of יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (yəhōšúaʿ, “Joshua”). The form יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ) is attested in some of the later books of the Hebrew Bible (Ezra–Nehemiah), and translated as Jeshua or Yeshua in some English editions (the former appearing in the King James Version). The Greek texts make no distinction between Jesus and Joshua, referring to them both as Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs). In the Wycliffe Bible (Middle English), the forms used are Jhesus and Jhesu.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Jesus (plural (of male given name) Jesuses or Jesi)

 
An illustration based on depictions of Jesus Christ.
  2. Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter) from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians. Held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís. Also called "the historical Jesus" from a historiographic viewpoint or a secular one.
    • 1621 June 19, William Laud, “Sermon preached before His Majesty”, in Seven Sermons Preached Upon Severall Occasions […]‎[1], page 10:
      For the Son of God, Christ Jesus, is Head of the Church; and can the Body doe any thing well, if the Head direct it not?
    • 1873, Syed Ameer Ali, A Critical Examination of the Life and Teachings of Mohammed‎[2], page 195:
      Mohammed always announced his religion as the religion of Abraham, of Moses, and of Jesus.
    • 1989, James McGinnis, “Peacemaking and Prayer”, in Journey into Compassion: A Spirituality for the Long Haul‎[3], Institute for Peace and Justice; Meyer-Stone, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 36:
      I find that writing helps my praying, whether it is writing poetry or more conversational journaling with Jesus. I used to feel compelled to write on a scheduled basis (for example, once a week for my journaling or a poem every time I went to the Japanese Garden), but now I have let go of that compulsion and write when it seems right.
    • 2018 March 18, “Mike Pence”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 5, episode 5, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:
      She’s right! Omarosa is right there! Also, I’m pretty sure the original titles of the New and Old Testament were Jesus Said This and Jesus Ain’t Say That.
  3. (historical, religion) One of a variety of persons or entities in western Manichaeism, of whom some correspond closely to the Christian conception of Jesus of Nazareth.
  4. A male given name from Spanish in Spanish culture; an anglicized spelling of Jesús.
    • 1971, Ruth Rendell, No More Dying Then, Random House, published 2009, →ISBN, page 195:
      Frensham opened the door and called a name that sounded like 'Haysus'. Brandy was brought and various other bottles and decanters. When the manservant had gone, Frensham said, 'Odd, aren't they, the Spanish? Calling a boy Jesus.'
  5. A male given name from Aramaic.
    Jesus son of Sirach wrote the "Wisdom of Sirach"
  6. (Cambridge University, informal) Ellipsis of Jesus College, Cambridge.
  7. (Oxford University, informal) Ellipsis of Jesus College, Oxford.

Usage notes

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  • The possessive form of this proper noun may be either Jesus’s (pronounced with three syllables) or Jesus’ (pronounced with two syllables). The latter form was traditionally more common when referring to the Christian figure while the former is more common when referring to other people named Jesus, but both forms are attested in both cases. See -'s.

Synonyms

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Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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Noun

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Jesus (plural Jesuses or Jesusses or Jesi or Jesii)

  1. The Christian savior.
    • 1813, William Revell Moody, editor, Record of Christian Work, page 441:
      And, says George Eliot, and all who believe in her teaching, it is perfectly true that He is with us now in a dumb, vague, blessed impulse. Is that your Jesus? If I may recall my illustration of the train, I will tell you of my Jesus.
    • 2005, Scot McKnight, Jesus and His Death, page 152:
      ...leading Dom Crossan at times to the witty criticism that modern Jesus books are in a quest for who can say "my Jesus is more Jewish than your Jesus"...
    • 2001, Clinton Bennett, In Search of Jesus, page 231:
      Your Jesus is my Jesus' greatest enemy

Interjection

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Jesus

  1. (possibly offensive, blasphemous) An exclamation, particularly used to express excitement or exasperation.
    Jesus, that was close!
    Jesus… How many people killed here?
    Jesus! Do not move, I’ll get assistance!
    • 1989 January 27, Stephen Fry et al., “Doctor Tobacco”, in A Bit of Fry and Laurie, season 1, episode 3:
      Patient: ...too much is bad for you.
      Doctor: Well of course too much is bad for you, that's what "too much" means, you blithering twat. If you had too much water, it would be bad for you, wouldn't it? "Too much" precisely means that quantity which is excessive, that's what it means. Could you ever say "too much water is good for you"? I mean if it's too much it's too much. Too much of anything is too much. Obviously. Jesus.
    • 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, section I, page 19:
      ‘Jesus suffering fuck,’ said Adrian. ‘It's not half a thought.’
      ‘Face it, it’s a wow.’

Synonyms

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Translations

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Verb

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Jesus (third-person singular simple present Jesuses, present participle Jesusing, simple past and past participle Jesused)

  1. (colloquial, often derogatory or humorous) To subject to (excessive) Christian proselytizing, preaching, or moralizing.
    • 1971, Richard Sale, For the president's eyes only, →ISBN, page 72:
      From what I gathered, his mother had been heavily Jesused, and his father had been a rough sort of plainsman.
    • 1994, Hannah Yakin, Of Tortoises and Other Jews, page 19:
      "If you don't believe me, ask Jesus!" [...] “Look here,” Papa burst out, “there's no difference between Jews and non-Jews. There can only be a difference between good and bad people.” “And don't start Jesusing me in my own house,” Mama added[.]
    • 2004, José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi, David L. Frye, The Mangy Parrot, page 531:
      Don't leave me until I expire; I wouldn't want some devout man or woman to come in here and start Jesusing me with the Ramillete [a collection of prayers] or some collection like that,
    • 2005, Christian Bauman, Voodoo Lounge: A Novel, page 58:
      They took refuge in Jérémie, the last Haitian port they hadn't been ejected out of, run from, or Jesused to death [in].
    • 2008, Laura Pedersen, The Big Shuffle: A Novel, →ISBN:
      In the past few weeks he's Jesused us all up with a full-length grace at each meal[.]
  2. To exclaim "Jesus" (at).
    • 2012, Brian Evenson, Windeye, →ISBN:
      The other man stumbled up, rubbing his temple. “Jesus,” the man said. Frank raised his fist, then saw that the man was Jesusing not him but [the window].
    • 2016, Kaui Hart Hemmings, Juniors, →ISBN, page 141:
      "Jesus, Whit," Will says. [...] "Why are you always Jesusing me?" He doesn't answer, just chews his food, and I take another sip[.]

Translations

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See also

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch Jezus.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Jesus

  1. Jesus

Cebuano

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Etymology

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From Spanish Jesús.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: Je‧sus

Proper noun

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Jesus

  1. a male given name

Danish

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Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Jesus

  1. Jesus (character in Christianity)

Faroese

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Etymology

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From Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), from Hebrew ישוע (yeshúa). See also Josva.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Jesus m

  1. Jesus

Declension

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singular
indefinite
nominative Jesus
accusative Jesus
dative Jesusi
genitive Jesus, Jesusar, Jesu

Derived terms

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German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    From Middle High German Jesus, cognate with Yiddish יעזוס (yezus).

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈjeːzʊs/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Audio:(file)
    • Hyphenation: Je‧sus

    Proper noun

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    Jesus m (proper noun, strong, genitive Jesu or Jesus or Jesus')

    1. Jesus
      Synonyms: Christus, Jesus Christus

    Declension

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    Declension of Jesus [sg-only, masculine, strong]
    singular
    indef. def. noun
    nominative ein der Jesus
    genitive eines des Jesu, Jesus, Jesus'
    dative einem dem Jesus, Jesu
    accusative einen den Jesus, Jesum
    ablative einen den Jesus, Jesu
    vocative einen den Jesu, Jesus
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    Descendants

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    • → Hunsrik: Jesus

    Hunsrik

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      Borrowed from German Jesus, from Middle High German Jesus, borrowed from Latin Iēsūs, borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), borrowed from Hebrew ישוע.[1] Doublet of Jesses.

      Pronunciation

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      Proper noun

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      Jesus m

      1. Jesus
        Synonym: Krist

      References

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      1. ^ Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “Jesus”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 85, column 2

      Latin

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      Pronunciation

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      Proper noun

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      Jēsūs m sg (genitive Jēsū); irregular

      1. Alternative form of Iēsūs

      Declension

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      Irregular noun, singular only.

      singular
      nominative Jēsūs
      genitive Jēsū
      dative Jēsū
      accusative Jēsūm
      ablative Jēsū
      vocative Jēsū

      References

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      Middle High German

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        A user suggests that this Middle High German entry be cleaned up.
      Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

      Etymology

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        Learned borrowing from Latin Iēsūs.

        Proper noun

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        Jēsus m

        1. Jesus
          • c. 1230, Wolfdietrich, MS H, 2nd half 15th c., in: Friedr. Heinr. von der Hagen, Heldenbuch. Altdeutsche Heldenlieder aus dem Sagenkreise Dietrichs von Bern und der Nibelungen. Meist aus einzigen Handschriften zum erstenmal gedruck oder hergestellt. Erster Band, Leipzig, 1855, p. 235:
            [...] wiltu gelauben an Jesum, den lieben herren mein [...]
          • 13th century, David von Augsburg. In: Franz Pfeiffer (editor), Deutsche Mystiker des vierzehnten Jahrhunderts. Erster Band, Leipzig, 1845, p. 363, line 30f. Also quoted in: Georg Friedrich Benecke, Wilhelm Müller, Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch. Erster Band. A – L, Leipzig, 1854, p. 271 (see "wallebruoder, walbruoder"):
            Got lieber hêrre Jêsu Kriste, unser getriuwer geverte in dirre wüeste und unser lieber wallebruoder in diesem ellende, bringe uns [...]
            (please add an English translation of this quotation)
          • first half of the 14th century, Nicolaus/Nikolaus von Straßburg, a sermon, in: Franz Joseph Mone (editor), Anzeiger für Kunde der teutschen Vorzeit. Siebenter Jahrgang (text from Pfälzer Hs. [Handschrift] Nr. 641 Bl. 63, b. bis zu Ende), Karlsruhe, 1838, p. 273:
            O min lieber herre Jesu Christe

        Declension

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        Declension of Jesus (sg-only strong masculine without umlaut)
        singular
        indef. def. noun
        nominative ein dër Jesus
        genitive eines dës Jesuses
        dative eime dëm Jesuse
        accusative einen dën Jesusen

        Descendants

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        See also

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        References

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        • Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “JÊSUS”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
        • "jēsus" in Köbler, Gerhard, Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)

        Norwegian Bokmål

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        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /jeːsʉs/, [ˈjeː.sʉs]

        Proper noun

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        Jesus (genitive Jesu)

        1. Jesus

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        Norwegian Nynorsk

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        Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia nn

        Alternative forms

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        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /ˈjeːsʉs/, [ˈjeː.sʉs]

        Proper noun

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        Jesus (genitive Jesu)

        1. Jesus
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        Old Czech

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        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈjɛsus/
        • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈjɛsus/

        Proper noun

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        Jesus m pers

        1. a male given name

        Declension

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        Declension of Jesus (hard o-stem)
        singular dual plural
        nominative Jesus Jesusy Jesusi, Jesusové
        genitive Jesusa Jesusú Jesusóv
        dative Jesusu, Jesusovi Jesusoma Jesusóm
        accusative Jesusa Jesusy Jesusy
        vocative Jesuse Jesusy Jesusi, Jesusové
        locative Jesusu, Jesusovi Jesusú Jesusiech
        instrumental Jesusem Jesusoma Jesusy
        This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
        See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

        Further reading

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        Portuguese

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        Alternative forms

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        Etymology

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          Relatinised from Old Galician-Portuguese Jesu, from Latin Iēsūs, from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), from Hebrew ישוע (yeshúa).

          Pronunciation

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          • Rhymes: (Brazil) -us, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -uʃ, (intrusive j) -ujs
          • Hyphenation: Je‧sus

          Proper noun

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          Jesus m

          1. (Christianity) Jesus Christ

          Descendants

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          Proper noun

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          Jesus f or m

          1. a male given name
          2. a female given name, shortened from "Maria de Jesus"
          3. a surname

          Interjection

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          Jesus

          1. (slang) Used to express surprise, excitement or exasperation.
            Jesus, o que foi aquilo?
            Jesus, what was that?

          Quotations

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          For quotations using this term, see Citations:Jesus.

          Saterland Frisian

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          Etymology

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          Ultimately from Latin Iēsūs. Compare German Jesus.

          Pronunciation

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          Proper noun

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          Jesus m

          1. Jesus
            • 2000, Marron C. Fort, transl., Dät Näie Tästamänt un do Psoolme in ju aasterlauwerfräiske Uurtoal fon dät Seelterlound, Fräislound, Butjoarlound, Aastfräislound un do Groninger Umelounde [The New Testament and the Psalms in the East Frisian language, native to Saterland, Friesland, Butjadingen, East Frisia and the Ommelanden of Groningen], →ISBN, Dät Evangelium ätter Matthäus 16:
              Jakob waas die Foar fon Josef, dän Mon fon Maria; fon Maria wuud Jesus bädden, die die Christus (die Messias) namd wädt.
              Jacob was the father of Joseph, the husband of Maria; From Maria Jesus was born, who was called the Christ (the Messiah).

          Scots

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            A user has added this entry to requests for verification(+)
          If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

          Proper noun

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          Jesus

          1. Jesus

          Swedish

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          Etymology

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          Inherited from Old Swedish Iesus, from Latin Iēsūs, from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), from Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ), a contracted form of יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (yəhōšúaʿ, “Joshua”). The form יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ) is attested in some of the later books of the Hebrew Bible (Ezra–Nehemiah). The Greek texts make no distinction between Jesus and Joshua, referring to them both as Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs).

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): /²jeːsɵs/, /ˈjeːsɵs/

          Proper noun

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          Jesus c (genitive Jesus, sometimes Jesu)

          1. Jesus
            • 1999 November 17, 1973 års bibelkommission, “Johannesevangeliet 2:1”, in Bibel 2000‎[4], © Svenska Bibelsällskapet, accessed at Bible.com, archived from the original on 2025-04-29:
              På tredje dagen hölls ett bröllop i Kana i Galileen, och Jesu mor var där.
              On the third day there was a wedding in Cana of Galilee, and the mother of Jesus was there.
            • 2010, Lars Cavallin, transl., Katolska kyrkans katekes‎[5], Catholica, archived from the original on 2025-01-20, §1261:
              Jesu ömhet mot barnen [...] låter oss hoppas på att det finns en frälsningsväg för barn som dött utan att bli döpta.
              Jesus' tenderness toward children allows us to hope that there is a way of salvation for children who have died without being baptized.

          Usage notes

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          • The genitive form is Jesus in everyday speech, but especially in fixed expressions, the Greek-Latin genitive Jesu is often used, e.g. Jesu uppståndelse (”Resurrection of Jesus”), Jesu lärjungar (”Jesus’ disciples”) or Jesu lidande (”Jesus’ suffering”), etc. Compare the usage of Kristi and Kristus.
          • In older religious texts and in hymns, the form Jesu is also found as a vocative, and more rarely the object form Jesum, although these have generally been replaced by Jesus in modern adaptations.

          References

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          Tagalog

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          Pronunciation

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          Proper noun

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          Jesús (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜐᜓᜐ᜔)

          1. Alternative spelling of Hesus

          Proper noun

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          Jesús (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜐᜓᜐ᜔)

          1. (obsolete) Alternative spelling of Sisos
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