abo

See also: Appendix:Variations of "abo"

Translingual

Symbol

abo

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Abon.

English

Alternative forms

• Abo

Etymology

1922, clipping of aborigine.

Pronunciation

• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈæb.əʉ/, enPR: ă'bō

  • Audio (General Australian):

    (file)

• (UK) enPR: ă'bō, IPA^(key): /ˈæb.əʊ/
• (US) enPR: ă'bō, IPA^(key): /ˈæb.oʊ/
• Rhymes: -æbəʊ

Noun

abo (plural abos)

1. (Australia, offensive, ethnic slur, slang) An Aboriginal person. [First attested in the early 20th century.]

   Synonyms: boong, coon, Jacky

   Hyponyms: (female) gin, lubra, Mary

Usage notes

While historically the term was used without offensive connotations (such as by the Indigenous newspaper the Abo Call), the term is now considered extremely offensive and racist.

Anagrams

• AOB, BAO, Bao, OAB, OBA, Oba., a.o.b., bao, boa, oba

Aklanon

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu.

Noun

abo

1. ash

Bikol Central

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔaˈbo/, [ʔaˈbo]
• Hyphenation: a‧bo

Noun

abó (Basahan spelling ᜀᜊᜓ)

1. ash (the solid remains of a fire), cinder
2. tephra; volcanic ash
3. grey

Derived terms

• abohon
• mag-abo

 

Etymology 2

Compare Cebuano & Tagalog ubo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔaˈbo/, [ʔaˈbo]
• Hyphenation: a‧bo

Noun

abó (Basahan spelling ᜀᜊᜓ)

1. cough

Derived terms

• mag-abo

 

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔabo/, [ˈʔa.bo]
• Hyphenation: a‧bo

Noun

abo (Basahan spelling ᜀᜊᜓ)

1. tigertooth croaker (Otolithes ruber)

Cebuano

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧bo
• IPA^(key): /ʔaˈbo/, [ʔɐˈbo]

Noun

abó

1. ash; the solid remains of a fire
2. tephra; volcanic ash

Verb

abó

1. to turn into ash (by burning)

Dutch

Etymology

Clipping of abonnement.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaː.boː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: abo

Noun

abo n (plural abo's)

1. (Netherlands, informal) subscription

Finnish

Etymology

Clipping of aboriginaali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑbo/, [ˈɑ̝bo̞]
• Rhymes: -ɑbo
• Syllabification^(key): a‧bo

Noun

abo

1. abo

Declension

Inflection of abo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		abo	abot
genitive		abon	abojen
partitive		aboa	aboja
illative		aboon	aboihin
		singular	plural
nominative		abo	abot
accusative	nom.	abo	abot
	gen.	abon
genitive		abon	abojen
partitive		aboa	aboja
inessive		abossa	aboissa
elative		abosta	aboista
illative		aboon	aboihin
adessive		abolla	aboilla
ablative		abolta	aboilta
allative		abolle	aboille
essive		abona	aboina
translative		aboksi	aboiksi
abessive		abotta	aboitta
instructive		—	aboin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of abo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative aboni aboni accusative nom. aboni aboni gen. aboni genitive aboni abojeni partitive aboani abojani inessive abossani aboissani elative abostani aboistani illative abooni aboihini adessive abollani aboillani ablative aboltani aboiltani allative abolleni aboilleni essive abonani aboinani translative abokseni aboikseni abessive abottani aboittani instructive — — comitative — aboineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative abosi abosi accusative nom. abosi abosi gen. abosi genitive abosi abojesi partitive aboasi abojasi inessive abossasi aboissasi elative abostasi aboistasi illative aboosi aboihisi adessive abollasi aboillasi ablative aboltasi aboiltasi allative abollesi aboillesi essive abonasi aboinasi translative aboksesi aboiksesi abessive abottasi aboittasi instructive — — comitative — aboinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative abomme abomme accusative nom. abomme abomme gen. abomme genitive abomme abojemme partitive aboamme abojamme inessive abossamme aboissamme elative abostamme aboistamme illative aboomme aboihimme adessive abollamme aboillamme ablative aboltamme aboiltamme allative abollemme aboillemme essive abonamme aboinamme translative aboksemme aboiksemme abessive abottamme aboittamme instructive — — comitative — aboinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative abonne abonne accusative nom. abonne abonne gen. abonne genitive abonne abojenne partitive aboanne abojanne inessive abossanne aboissanne elative abostanne aboistanne illative aboonne aboihinne adessive abollanne aboillanne ablative aboltanne aboiltanne allative abollenne aboillenne essive abonanne aboinanne translative aboksenne aboiksenne abessive abottanne aboittanne instructive — — comitative — aboinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative abonsa abonsa accusative nom. abonsa abonsa gen. abonsa genitive abonsa abojensa partitive aboaan aboansa abojaan abojansa inessive abossaan abossansa aboissaan aboissansa elative abostaan abostansa aboistaan aboistansa illative aboonsa aboihinsa adessive abollaan abollansa aboillaan aboillansa ablative aboltaan aboltansa aboiltaan aboiltansa allative abolleen abollensa aboilleen aboillensa essive abonaan abonansa aboinaan aboinansa translative abokseen aboksensa aboikseen aboiksensa abessive abottaan abottansa aboittaan aboittansa instructive — — comitative — aboineen aboinensa

Further reading

• “abo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• boa

Galo

Noun

abo

1. father
2. paternal aunt

Garo

Noun

abo

1. grandmother

Synonyms

• ambigipa (formal)
• ambitang (formal)
• ambi

Gun

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ā.bò/

• Audio (Nigeria):

  (file)

Noun

abò (plural abò lɛ́ or abò lẹ́)

1. room

   Synonyms: xɔ̀, họ̀

Hiligaynon

Etymology 1

From Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Noun

abó

1. ash

Verb

abó (diminutive abó-ábo)

1. to turn into ash

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

ábo

1. lazy

Noun

ábo

1. a type of small fish that is said to be lazy

Interjection

abô

1. an exclamation that denotes aversion, contempt, or negation, equivalent to fie

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese vós.

Pronoun

abo

1. you

Kom (Cameroon)

Noun

abo

1. leopard, tiger, big cat

References

• Randy Jones, Provisional Kom - English lexicon (2001, Yaoundé, Cameroon)

Lower Sorbian

Alternative forms

• abol

Etymology

Proto-Slavic *abo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈabɔ/

Conjunction

abo

1. or

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “abo”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “abo”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Masurian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish abo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈabɔ]
• Syllabification: a‧bo

Conjunction

abo

1. connects at least two alternative words, phrases, clauses, sentences, etc., each of which could make a passage true; or

Particle

abo

1. disjunctive and emphasis particle
2. introduces a rhetorical question

Further reading

• Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “abo”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎^[2], volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 109
• Günter Donder (2011) “äbo”, in Kleines masurisches Wörterbuch mit Lesestücken und einen Tonträger‎^[3] (in German), archived from the original on 10/12/2023, page 11

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *abo. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /abɔ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /abɔ/

Conjunction

abo

1. or; that is, e.g.
   • Skład apostolski, number 6, c. 1450:

     Werzø w... szwøtych v *polszpostwo abo opczowane (credo in... sanctorum communionem)

     [Wierzę w... świętych w pospolstwo abo obcowanie (credo in... sanctorum communionem)]

   • 1874-1891 [1449], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎^{[4], [5], [6]}, volume XXV, page 165:

     Vbaczywszy abo vznawszy (considerantes I Petr 2, 12)

     [Ubaczywszy abo uznawszy (considerantes I Petr 2, 12)]

   • 1874-1891 [1449], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎^{[7], [8], [9]}, volume XXV, page 165:

     Laska pokriwa wy[e]loscz abo wyelycoscz abo przeszlysnoscz grzechow (multitudinem peccatorum I Petr 4, 8)

     [Łaska pokrywa wi[e]lość abo wielikość abo przezliszność grzechow (multitudinem peccatorum I Petr 4, 8)]

2. (attested in Masovia, Greater Poland) (whether...) or
   • 1880-1894 [Middle of the 15th century], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności‎^[10], volume V, page 260:

     Azaly placzesch... nądze abo szmyerczy an forte ploras... miseriam, an forte mortem?

     [Azali płaczesz... nędze abo śmierci an forte ploras... miseriam, an forte mortem?]

   • 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 79:

     Zemsczy pyszarze... bracz mayą... za kaszde wpyszanye asz do koncza rzeczy geden grosz abo na począthkv rzeczy pol grosza (unum grossum aut in principio medium... grossum)

     [Ziemszczy pisarze... brać mają... za każde wpisanie aż do końca rzeczy geden grosz abo na początku rzeczy poł grosza (unum grossum aut in principio medium... grossum)]

   • 1879 [1424], Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, editor, Księga ziemi czerskiej 1404-1425. Liber terrae Cernensis‎^[11], Masovia, page 298:

     Moge na prawo abo na lewo

     [Moje na prawo abo na lewo]

   • 1888 [1400], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV‎^[12], Greater Poland, page 77:

     Tako mi pomozi bog..., ezem ymal s panø potkomorzinø smowø, eze ymala wzøcz penøcze za Ziroslawicze abo veczne docupicz

     [Tako mi pomoży Bog..., eżem imiał z panią podkomorzyną smowę, eże imiała wziąć pieniądze za Żyrosławice abo wiecznie dokupić]

3. (attested in Masovia) as well as
   • 1950 [1470], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2992, Warsaw:

     *Jakøm ya nye wyrambyl drew abo drzewą w lessye

     [Jakom ja nie wyrąbił drew abo drzewa w lesie]

4. (attested in Lesser Poland) because

   Synonyms: abociem, abojem, abowiem, albo

   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[13], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 106, 16:

     Spowadaycze se gospodnw myloserdza yego... Zbo starl yest wrota moszøndzowa (confiteantur domino misericordiae..., quia contrivit portas aereas)

     [Spowiadajcie sie Gospodnu miłosierdzia jego... abo starł jest wrota mosiądzowa (confiteantur Domino misericordiae..., quia contrivit portas aereas)]

   • 1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^[14], 6, 3:

     Duch moy nye bødze w czlowyecze na wyeky przebi[wa]wacz, abo gest czyalo (quia caro est)

     [Duch moj nie będzie w człowiecze na wieki przeby[wa]wać, abo jest ciało (quia caro est)]

Particle

abo

1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. Introduces a yes-no question; if
      • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[15], page 457:

        Zaprawdę abo są poznali nasze książęta, iże to jest Krystus (numquid vere cognoverunt principes, quia hic est Christus Jo 7, 26)?

        [Zaprawdę abo są poznali nasze książęta, iże to jest Krystus (numquid vere cognoverunt principes, quia hic est Christus Jo 7, 26)?]

Descendants

• Masurian: abo
• Polish: abo
• Silesian: abo

References

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “abo”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Papiamentu

Alternative forms

• bo (synonym)

Etymology

From Portuguese vós and Spanish vos and Kabuverdianu abo.

Pronoun

abo

1. you (second person singular).

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish abo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.bɔ/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈa.bɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -abɔ
• Syllabification: a‧bo

Conjunction

abo

1. (archaic or Poznań) or

   Synonyms: albo, bądź, czy, lub

Further reading

• abo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• abo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “abo”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “ABO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2023 January 23
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “abo, alibo, albo”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎^[16], volume 1, page 3
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “abo”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎^[17]
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “abo”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎^[18] (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 3

Portuguese

Verb

abo

1. first-person singular present indicative of abar

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish abo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈabɔ/
• Rhymes: -abɔ
• Syllabification: a‧bo

Conjunction

abo

1. or

   Synonym: lub

2. or else!

Particle

abo

1. introduces a tag question; right? isn't it?

   Synonyms: ja, niy, pra, prŏwda

Further reading

• abo in silling.org
• Barbara Podgórska, Adam Podgóski (2008) “abo”, in Słownik gwar śląskich [A dictionary of Silesian lects], Katowice: Wydawnictwo KOS, →ISBN, page 23

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Central Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈbo/ [ʔɐˈbo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: a‧bo

Noun

abó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓ)

1. ash

   Synonym: senisa

2. gray

   Synonyms: abuhin, malaabo, malamaya, senisado

3. tephra

Derived terms

• abo ang laman ng ulo
• abuhan
• abuhin
• maabo
• malaabo
• Miyerkoles ng Abo

 

See also

• abok
• alikabok
• margaha
• matupok
• titis

 

Adjective

abó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓ)

1. reduced to ashes
2. gray; ash-colored
3. pulverized

See also

Colors in Tagalog · kulay (layout · text)

puti	abo, gris	itim
pula; krimson, pulang-pula	kahel; kayumanggi	dilaw; krema
kulay-dayap	lungti, lungtian, berde
turkesa	bughaw-langit, asul	bughaw, asul
lila, biyoleta; nila, tayom	mahenta; ube, morado, haban, purpura	rosas, kalimbahin

Further reading

• “abo”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qabu”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.bo]

Verb

abo

1. (transitive) to hack off, chop

Conjugation

Conjugation of abo
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	toabo	foabo	miabo
2nd	noabo	niabo
3rd	Masculine	oabo	iabo, yoabo†
Feminine	moabo
Neuter	iabo
† - archaic

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

Interjection

abo

1. Interjection expressing shock.

Descendants

• → Swedish: abow

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “abo”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Upper Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈabɔ/
• Rhymes: -abɔ
• Syllabification: abo

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *abo.

Conjunction

abo

1. either... or

Etymology 2

Clipping of abonement.

Noun

abo m inan or n

1. (indeclinable) Synonym of abonement

Further reading

• “abo” in Soblex

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.bo/

Verb

abo

1. (stative) to be wounded, to have a wound

Conjugation

Conjugation of abo (stative verb)
		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tiabo	miabo	aabo
2nd person		niabo	fiabo
3rd person	inanimate	iabo	diabo
	animate	maabo
imperative		—, abo	—, abo

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[19], Pacific linguistics

Weyewa

Verb

abo

1. (Loli) to scoop, to scoop up with cupped hands

References

• Lobu Ori, S,Pd, M.Pd (2010) “abo”, in Kamus Bahasa Lolina [Dictionary of the Loli Language] (in Indonesian), Waikabubak: Kepala Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Barat

Xhosa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [âːɓo]

Pronoun

âbo

1. those; class 2 distal demonstrative.

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.bó/

Noun

àbó

1. (Ekiti, Ondo) younger sibling

   Synonym: àbúrò

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ā.bō/

Noun

abo

1. female, feminine
2. woman

   Synonym: obìnrin

Derived terms

• abo adìyẹ (“hen”)
• abo ajá (“female dog”)
• abo ẹlẹ́dẹ̀ (“sow”)
• abo ẹṣin (“mare”)
• abo àgùntàn (“ewe”)
• ìfohun-ọmọ-sínú-abo (“isemination”)
• ìṣègbèfábo (“feminism”)
• òpó-abo òdòdó (“pistil”)

 

Etymology 3

a- (“agent prefix”) +‎ bò (“to cover”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ā.bò/

Noun

abò

1. canopy, normally used to conceal the coming of a king

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.bō/

Noun

àbo

1. surprise, puzzlement

   ọ̀rọ̀ yẹ́n mú mi ní àbo ― The matter took me by surprise

2. A charm said to neutralize sensibility

   àbo mí mú un ― My charm caught him and caused him to behave irrationally

Etymology 5

Àbo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.bō/

Noun

àbo

1. A tree of species Annona senegalensis

   Synonym: èpo