拓

拓	U+62D3, 拓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62D3

拓	U+FA02, 拓 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA02

← 度
[U+FA01]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

糖 →
[U+FA03]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

拓 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一口 (QMR), four-corner 5106₀, composition ⿰扌石)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 425, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11958
Dae Jaweon: page 774, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1849, character 6
Unihan data for U+62D3

Unihan data for U+FA02

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 拓
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (石) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
柘	*tjaɡs
妬	*taːɡs
蠹	*taːɡs
沰	taːɡ, tʰaːɡ
拓	tʰaːɡ, tjaɡ
橐	*tʰaːɡ
袥	*tʰaːɡ
驝	tʰaːɡ, raːɡ
斫	*tjaɡ
磭	ŋrɯnʔ, ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
磔	*rtaːɡ
跖	*tjaɡ
石	*djaɡ
碩	*djaɡ
祏	*djaɡ
鉐	*djaɡ
鼫	*djaɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ).

Etymology 1 edit

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		柝 “to open up”

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuò (tuo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tok³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuò
  - Wade–Giles: tʻo⁴
  - Yale: twò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuoh
  - Palladius: то (to)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tok³
  - Yale: tok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: tog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːk̚³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thok
  - Tâi-lô: thok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: thak

Rime
Character	拓
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他各切
Baxter	thak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰak̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑk̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tok³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拓
Reading #	1/2
No.	11458
Phonetic component	石
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	託
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːɡ/
Notes	見小爾雅

Definitions edit

拓

to open up; to develop; to expand
to stretch
to push open
a surname

Compounds edit

拓土開疆／拓土开疆
拓地 (tuòdì)
拓宇
拓寬／拓宽 (tuòkuān)
拓展 (tuòzhǎn)
拓撲／拓扑
拓撲學／拓扑学
拓殖 (tuòzhí)
拓荒 (tuòhuāng)
拓荒者 (tuòhuāngzhě)
拓落
拓落不羈／拓落不羁
拓跋 (Tuòbá)
拓邊／拓边
拓都 (tuòdū)
拓銷／拓销 (tuòxiāo)
落拓 (luòtuò)
落拓不羈／落拓不羁 (luòtuò bùjī)
開拓／开拓 (kāituò)
開拓性／开拓性
開拓者／开拓者 (kāituòzhě)

Etymology 2 edit

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		搨／拓

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tà (ta⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taap³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tà
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tà
  - Wade–Giles: tʻa⁴
  - Yale: tà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tah
  - Palladius: та (ta)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: taap³
  - Yale: taap
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taap⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: tab³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːp̚³/

Definitions edit

拓

to make rubbings on something (e.g. inscriptions)

Synonyms edit

拓印 (tàyìn)

Compounds edit

拓印 (tàyìn)
拓本 (tàběn)
拓片 (tàpiàn)
拓碑
魚拓／鱼拓

Etymology 3 edit

simp. and trad.		拓

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuō (tuo¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuō
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuo
  - Wade–Giles: tʻo¹
  - Yale: twō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuo
  - Palladius: то (to)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Definitions edit

拓

Alternative form of 托 (tuō, “to support with hands; to lift”)

Etymology 4 edit

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		黜托 (to poke; to uncover someone's secret)

Pronunciation edit

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thuh

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thuh
  - Tâi-lô: thuh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tuq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰuʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰuʔ³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰuʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuʔ³²/

Definitions edit

拓

(Hokkien) to shovel; to level off; to scrape
(Hokkien) shoveling tool; scraping tool
(Hokkien) to push upward or lift with the palms of the hand
(Hokkien) to support; to prop (with a long object)
(Hokkien) to uncover someone's secret or private matter
(Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to compete; to contend for
(Taiwanese Hokkien) to poke with something sharp
(Zhangzhou Hokkien) to refute; to rebut; to contend

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 戳 (“to poke”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		擉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		戳
Mandarin	Taiwan	戳
Cantonese	Guangzhou	篤, 㓤
	Hong Kong	篤, 㓤
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	篤, 㓤
	Macau	篤
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	篤
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	篤
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	篤
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	㓤
	Foshan	篤
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	篤
	Foshan (Shunde)	篤
	Foshan (Sanshui)	戳
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	戳
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	篤
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	篤
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	篤
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	篤
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	篤
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	篤
	Taishan	篤
	Kaiping (Chikan)	篤
	Enping (Niujiang)	篤
	Heshan (Yayao)	戳
	Dongguan	篤
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	㓤
	Nanning	篤
	Yulin	篤
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	㓤
Hakka	Meixian	⿰㞘刂
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	揰
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	揰
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	揰
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	揰
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	揰
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	揰
Southern Min	Xiamen	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Quanzhou	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Jinjiang	鑿
	Zhangzhou	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Tainan	鑿 GT, 揬 GT, 拓 GT
	Manila (Hokkien)	鑿
	Shantou	捅
Wu	Shanghai	戳
	Suzhou	戳
	Wuxi	戳
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(to refute): 反駁／反驳 (fǎnbó)

Compounds edit

Etymology 5 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 拓 – see 摭 (“to pick up; to collect; to gather; to find”). (This character is a variant form of 摭).