芥
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
芥 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿人中中 (TOLL) or 難廿人中中 (XTOLL), four-corner 44228, composition ⿱艹介)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1019, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30715
- Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3182, character 6
- Unihan data for U+82A5
Chinese edit
| trad. | 芥 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 芥 | |
Glyph origin edit
| Historical forms of the character 芥 | |
|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːds) : semantic 艸 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 介 (OC *kreːds) – a type of plant.
Etymology edit
The meaning "mustard green" is attested earliest in the Book of Rites; "small grass" in Zuo zhuan (Ai 1).
Schuessler (2007) compares it to Middle Korean 갓 (kas), Proto-Southwestern Tai *ka:tᴰ (> Thai กาด (gàat), Lao ກາດ (kāt), Shan ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)), Proto-Vietic *kaːs (> Vietnamese cải, Muong cái, & Thavung kajh¹). However, all those foreign items might have been loaned from Late Old Chinese or Eastern Han Chinese (as proposed by Pittayaporn for *ka:tᴰ),
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
芥
- mustard greens (Brassica juncea)
- 膾：春用蔥，秋用芥。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Kuài: chūn yòng cōng, qiū yòng jiè. [Pinyin]
- Mince was made in spring, with onions; in autumn, with the mustard plant.
脍：春用葱，秋用芥。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) small grass
- 臣聞：「國之興也，視民如傷，是其福也。其亡也，以民為土芥，是其禍也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Chén wén: “Guó zhī xìng yě, shì mín rú shāng, shì qí fú yě. Qí wáng yě, yǐ mín wèi tǔjiè, shì qí huò yě.” [Pinyin]
- I have heard that States flourish when they regard their people as if apprehensive of their receiving hurt:;`——that brings prosperity. States again perish when they treat their people as earth or grass; —that brings calamity.
臣闻：「国之兴也，视民如伤，是其福也。其亡也，以民为土芥，是其祸也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 君之視臣如土芥，則臣視君如寇讎 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- jūn zhī shì chén rú tǔjiè, zé chén shì jūn rú kòuchóu [Pinyin]
- When the prince regards his ministers as earth or as grass, they regard him as a robber and an enemy.
君之视臣如土芥，则臣视君如寇雠 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 覆杯水於坳堂之上，則芥為之舟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Fù bēi shuǐ yú àotáng zhī shàng, zé jiè wéi zhī zhōu. [Pinyin]
- Tip water from a cup into a cavity, and a leaf of grass will float on it like were a boat.
覆杯水于坳堂之上，则芥为之舟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary, figurative) triviality
Compounds edit
- 一芥
- 俛拾地芥／俯拾地芥
- 土芥
- 地芥
- 埃芥
- 塵芥／尘芥 (chénjiè)
- 塵芥蟲／尘芥虫
- 壤芥
- 大頭芥／大头芥
- 如拾地芥
- 山芥
- 引鍼拾芥／引针拾芥
- 拾地芥
- 拾芥
- 掌中芥
- 易如拾芥
- 橫芥／横芥
- 殺人如芥／杀人如芥
- 毛芥
- 毫芥
- 浮芥
- 石芥
- 視如土芥／视如土芥
- 視如草芥／视如草芥
- 視若草芥／视若草芥
- 纖芥／纤芥
- 纖芥不遺／纤芥不遗
- 纖芥無爽／纤芥无爽
- 腐芥
- 芥子 (jièzǐ)
- 芥子毒氣／芥子毒气 (jièzǐ dúqì)
- 芥子油
- 芥子須彌／芥子须弥
- 芥川賞／芥川赏
- 芥拾
- 芥拾青紫
- 芥末 (“mustard”)
- 芥視／芥视
- 芥羽
- 芥舟
- 芥菜
- 芥菜頭／芥菜头
- 芥蒂 (jièdì)
- 芥蔕／芥蒂
- 芥藍／芥蓝
- 芥藍菜／芥蓝菜
- 芥蘭／芥兰
- 芥蠆／芥虿
- 芥辣
- 芥黃／芥黄
- 草芥 (cǎojiè)
- 荊芥／荆芥 (jīngjiè)
- 草芥人命
- 蒂芥
- 蔕芥／蒂芥
- 薹芥
- 蜀芥
- 蠆芥／虿芥
- 負芥／负芥
- 遺芥／遗芥
- 針芥／针芥
- 針芥之合／针芥之合
- 針芥之契／针芥之契
- 針芥之投／针芥之投
- 針芥相投／针芥相投
- 鍼芥相投／针芥相投
- 須彌芥子／须弥芥子
Descendants edit
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
芥
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings edit
Etymology 1 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 芥 |
| からし Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 芥 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 芥, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 芥 |
| あくた Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 芥 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 芥, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 芥 |
| ごみ Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 芥 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 芥, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean edit
Hanja edit
芥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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