蚯蚓

Chinese edit

		earthworm
simp. and trad. (蚯蚓)	蚯	蚓
2nd round simp.	丘引
alternative forms	蚯螾丘蚓丘螾邱蚓邱螾

Wikipedia has an article on:

蚯蚓

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what does 蚯 mean?”)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qiūyǐn

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡㄧㄣˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qiu¹ yin³
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹ jan⁵
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): gao⁶ ung² / kiu¹ ing²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹chieu-yin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiūyǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciouyǐn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiu¹-yin³
  - Yale: chyōu-yǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiouyiin
  - Palladius: цюинь (cjuinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ in²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: qiu¹ yin³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiujn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵ in⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau¹ jan⁵
  - Yale: yāu yáhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹ jan⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹ yen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵ jɐn¹³/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gao⁶ ung² / kiu¹ ing²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kău úng / khiu íng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³⁵⁻¹¹ uŋ⁵²/, /kʰiu³³⁻²³ iŋ⁵²/

Note:

gao6 ung2 - vernacular;
kiu1 ing2 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹chieu-yin
  - MiniDict: chieu^平 yin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹qieu-hhin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵⁵ ɦin²¹/

Middle Chinese: khjuw yinX

Rime
Character	蚯	蚓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	去鳩切	余忍切
Baxter	khjuw	yinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨu/	/jiɪn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiu/	/jin^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiəu/	/jen^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuw/	/jin^X/
Li Rong	/kʰiu/	/iĕn^X/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəu/	/jĭĕn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ə̯u/	/i̯ĕn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiū	yǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau¹	jan⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰə [ɢ](r)ə[r]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷɯ linʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蚯	蚓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiū	yǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ khjuw ›	‹ yin^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰə/	/*[ɢ](r)ə[r]ʔ/
English	蚯蚓 khjuw.yinX earth-worm	earth-worm (khjuw.yinX)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蚯	蚓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10525	15307
Phonetic component	丘	引
Rime group	之	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	丘	引
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷɯ/	/*linʔ/
Notes	見禮記	說文同螾

Noun edit

蚯蚓

earthworm (Classifier: 條／条 m c)
- 螻蟈鳴，蚯螾出，王瓜生，苦菜秀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  蝼蝈鸣，蚯螾出，王瓜生，苦菜秀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Lóuguō míng, qiūyǐn chū, wángguā shēng, kǔcài xiù. [Pinyin]
  The green frogs croak. Earthworms come forth. The royal melons grow. The sow-thistle is in seed.

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 蚯蚓 (“earthworm”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		蚓, 蚯蚓, 蜿蟺, 蜸蚕, 螼蚓
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蚯蚓
Mandarin	Beijing	曲蟮
	Taiwan	蚯蚓
	Tianjin	地蠶
	Langfang	曲拆
	Tangshan	曲坼
	Cangzhou	曲蟮
	Baoding	曲坼
	Shijiazhuang	曲曲蟮
	Daming	出串
	Ulanhot	曲蛇
	Tongliao	蚯蚓
	Chifeng	曲蟮
	Bayanhot	蚯蚓
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	蚯蚓
	Harbin	曲蛇
	Shenyang	曲蛇
	Yantai (Muping)	曲蛇
	Qingdao	曲蟮
	Jinan	曲蟮
	Luoyang	曲踡
	Wanrong	曲蟮
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	蚰蜒
	Zhengzhou	除串
	Xi'an	蚰蜒
	Yinchuan	土蟲
	Lanzhou	曲蟮
	Xining	曲蟮, 泥曲蟮
	Ürümqi	蚯蚓
	Wuhan	曲蟮
	Chengdu	曲蟮兒, 蚯蚓
	Guiyang	曲蟮
	Kunming	曲蟮
	Guilin	鴨蟲
	Liuzhou	鴨蟲
	Xuzhou	地曲, 蚯蚓
	Yangzhou	曲蟮
	Nanjing	曲蟮
	Hefei	曲蟮
	Nantong	地龍, 寒䘆
	Changle (Qinjiang)	曲蟮
	Singapore	蚯蚓
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	曲蟮
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	曲蟮
Cantonese	Guangzhou	黃䘆
	Hong Kong	黃䘆, 蚯蚓
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	鵝䘆, 蛇䘆, 禾䘆
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	禾䘆
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	鵝䘆
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	蛇䘆
	Macau	河䘆
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	黃䘆, 塘䘆
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	黃䘆
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	黃䘆
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	鵝䘆
	Foshan	巷䘆
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	塘䘆
	Foshan (Shunde)	河䘆
	Foshan (Sanshui)	龍䘆
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	䘆
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	濠䘆
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	狗䘆
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	禾䘆, 黃䘆
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	禾䘆
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	黃䘆
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	黃䘆
	Taishan	黃䘆
	Kaiping (Chikan)	黃䘆
	Enping (Niujiang)	黃䘆
	Heshan (Yayao)	黃䘆
	Dongguan	禾䘆
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	黃䘆
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	蛇䘆, 蛇䘆公
	Qingyuan	黃䘆
	Fogang	黃䘆
	Yingde (Hanguang)	黃䘆
	Yangshan	黃䘆
	Lianshan (Butian)	蚓
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	蚓
	Shaoguan	黃䘆
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	黃䘆
	Renhua	䘆公
	Lechang	䘆公, 黃䘆
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	黃蚓
	Sihui	黃蚓
	Guangning	黃蚓
	Deqing	黃蚓
	Huaiji	黃䘆
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	蚓
	Yunfu	黃蚓
	Xinxing	虎蚓
	Luoding	黃䘆
	Yunan (Pingtai)	黃䘆
	Xinyi	黃䘆
	Lianjiang	泥䘆
	Nanning	黃䘆
	Wuzhou	黃䘆, 地龍
	Yulin	蛆彈
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	土努
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	黃䘆
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	黃䘆
Gan	Nanchang	寒螼子, 寒螼
	Lichuan	塘蟻
	Pingxiang	回䘆
	Taining	河䘆
Hakka	Meixian	䘆公
	Xingning	䘆公
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	䘆
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	䘆
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	䘆
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	䘆
	Huidong (Daling)	䘆公
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	蟲䘆
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	䘆
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	䘆
	Boluo (Bendihua)	䘆
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	紅䘆
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	蟲䘆
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	河䘆
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	河䘆
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	紅䘆
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	䘆公
	Wuhua (Changbu)	䘆公
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	紅䘆
	Wuhua (Meilin)	紅䘆
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	䘆公
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	䘆
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	䘆
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	䘆
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	䘆
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	紅䘆
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	黃䘆
	Liannan	䘆公
	Conghua (Lütian)	黃蟮
	Jiexi	紅䘆
	Changting	黃䘆
	Wuping	黃䘆
	Wuping (Pingyu)	紅䘆
	Liancheng	黃䘆
	Ninghua	河䘆
	Yudu	河䘆, 禾䘆, 䘆
	Ruijin	河䘆
	Shicheng	河蟻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	䘆公
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	䘆公
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	䘆公
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	蟲䘆
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	蟲䘆
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	䘆公, 蟲䘆
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	蟲䘆
	Hong Kong	蟲䘆, 紅䘆
	Luchuan	黃䘆
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	紅䘆
	Sabah (Longchuan)	紅䘆
	Senai (Huiyang)	紅䘆
	Singkawang	紅䘆, 紅䘆公
Huizhou	Jixi	河蟻
	Shexian	紅蟻
	Tunxi	河䘆
	Xiuning	蚢䘆
	Qimen	𧑚䘆兒, 克俊
	Wuyuan	兔
Jin	Taiyuan	曲蟮
	Xinzhou	茭子魚兒, 曲蟮兒
	Taibus (Baochang)	蚯蚓
	Linhe	蚯蚓
	Jining	蚯蚓
	Hohhot	曲蟮
	Baotou	蚯蚓
	Dongsheng	蚯蚓
	Haibowan	蚯蚓
	Zhangjiakou	曲蟮
	Handan	出串
Northern Min	Jian'ou	加溜䘆, 地龍 large, 地龍杠 large
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	溜䘆
	Jianyang	尿䘆
	Wuyishan	地䘆
	Pucheng (Shibei)	溜䘆
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	猴蚓, 地龍 large
	Changle	猴蚓
	Fuqing	琴蚓, 地龍 large
	Yongtai	猴蚓
	Fu'an	猴蚓
	Ningde	猴蚓
	Shouning	猴蚓
	Zhouning	猴蚓
	Fuding	猴蚓
Southern Min	Xiamen	杜蚓, 猴蚓
	Quanzhou	猴蚓
	Jinjiang	猴蚓
	Yongchun	猴蚓
	Zhangzhou	杜蚓
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	杜蚓
	Dongshan	杜蚓
	Taipei	牛貫, 杜蚓仔, 杜蚓
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	杜蚓
	Kaohsiung	杜蚓仔
	Yilan	杜蚓
	Changhua (Lukang)	杜蚓
	Taichung	杜蚓仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	杜蚓
	Tainan	杜蚓仔
	Taitung	杜蚓
	Hsinchu	杜蚓
	Kinmen	杜蚓
	Penghu (Magong)	塗蚓, 杜蚓
	Penang (Hokkien)	cacing
	Singapore (Hokkien)	杜蚓, 猴蚓
	Manila (Hokkien)	猴蚓
	Longyan	鴨蟲
	Zhangping	垢蚓
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	垢蚓
	Datian	猴蚓
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	杜蚓
	Chaozhou	蚯蚓
	Shantou	蚯蚓
	Jieyang	蚯蚓
	Haifeng	蚯蚓
	Bangkok (Teochew)	蚯蚓
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	蚯蚓
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	塗蚓
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	蚯蚓
	Pontianak (Teochew)	蚯蚓, cacing
	Leizhou	塗蚓𧊗
	Wenchang	餌龍
	Haikou	塗蚓, 餌龍
Puxian Min	Putian	猴蚓, 墿龍
	Putian (Donghai)	猴蚓
	Putian (Jiangkou)	猴蚓
	Putian (Nanri)	猴蚓
	Xianyou	猴蚓
	Xianyou (Fengting)	猴蚓
	Xianyou (Youyang)	猴蚓
	Fuding (Aoyao)	猴蚓
Central Min	Yong'an	蝦䘆
	Sanyuan	河䘆
	Shaxian	河䘆
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	黃䘆
	Jiangle	河䘆
	Mingxi	葫蘆䘆
	Shunchang	河䘆
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	猴蚓
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	土䏰
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	蚯青
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	蚓
Wu	Shanghai	曲蟮, 蚯蚓
	Shanghai (Chongming)	觸蟮
	Suzhou	曲蟮
	Wuxi	蚯蚓, 曲蟮
	Danyang	曲蟮
	Hangzhou	曲蟮
	Ningbo	曲蟮
	Wenzhou	康䘆
	Jinhua	蟮麵, 水麵
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	蟮麵
Xiang	Changsha	曲蟮子
	Xiangtan	曲線子
	Loudi	曲蟮子, 曲蟮
	Shuangfeng	曲染子
	Quanzhou	鴨蟲

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (蚯蚓):

→ Japanese: 蚯(きゅう)蚓(いん) (kyūin)
→ Korean: 구인(蚯蚓) (gu'in)

Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
蚯	蚓
みみず
Hyōgaiji	Hyōgaiji
jukujikun

Kanji in this term
蚯	蚓
めめず
Hyōgaiji	Hyōgaiji
jukujikun

ミミズ on Japanese Wikipedia

First cited to the Saibara Uta from the Heian period.^[1]

The memezu form is attested from 1650, and is traditionally viewed as a pronunciation shift from mimizu.^[1]

Reconstructed as ultimately from Proto-Japonic *memensu, in which case memezu may be a reversion to an older form. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) みみず [mìmízú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [mʲimʲizɨᵝ]

(Tokyo) めめず [mèmézú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [me̞me̞zɨᵝ]

Noun edit

蚯蚓(みみず) or 蚯蚓(ミミズ) or 蚯蚓(めめず) • (mimizu or memezu) (counter 匹)

[from late 600s - early 700s] a worm, such as an earthworm
- 2005 August 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)六(ろく)十(じゅう)四(よん)訓(くん:)　キャラクターはシルエットだけで読(どく)者(しゃ)に見(み)分(わ)けがつくように描(か)き分(わ)けよう (Dai-rokujūyon Kun: Kyarakutā wa Shiruetto Dake de Dokusha ni Miwake ga Tsuku Yō ni Kakiwakeyō, “Lesson 64: Characters Should Be Drawn So That Readers Can Make Them Out with just the Silhouettes”)”, in 銀魂(ぎんたま) (Gin Tama, “Silver Soul”), volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
  
  どっかでミミズに小(しょう)便(べん)でも　ひっかけてきたんじゃないかィ？腫(は)れるっていうよね
  Dokka de mimizu ni shōben de mo hikkakete kita n ja nai ki? Hareru tte iu yo ne
  Did you piss on a worm somewhere? You said swollen right?
  何(なに)言(い)っちゃってんの　迷(めい)信(しん)だろそんな…
  Nani itchatten no Meishin daro sonna…
  What you talkin’ about? That’s just a superstition…

Usage notes edit

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ミミズ.

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

蚯蚓(みみず)書(が)き (mimizugaki)
蚯蚓(ミミズ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (mimizu tokage, “worm lizard”)
蚯蚓(みみず)鳴(な)く (mimizunaku)
蚯蚓(みみず)ののたくったよう (mimizu no notakutta yō)
蚯蚓(みみず)鯊(はぜ) (mimizuhaze)

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
蚯	蚓
きゅう Hyōgaiji	いん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 蚯蚓 (khjuw yin^X). Compare modern Mandarin 蚯蚓 (qiūyǐn).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) きゅういん [kyùúíń] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [kʲɨᵝːĩɴ]

Noun edit

蚯(きゅう)蚓(いん) • (kyūin) ^{←きういん (kiuin)^?}

a worm, such as an earthworm

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “蚯蚓”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
蚯	蚓

Noun edit

蚯蚓 • (gu'in) (hangeul 구인)

Hanja form^? of 구인 (“earthworm”).

[KDJc-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “蚯蚓”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]