豹

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

豹 (radical 153, 豸+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月竹心戈 (BHPI), four-corner 2722₀, composition ⿰豸勺)

Derived charactersEdit

𬿅, 𠹕, 𭱯, 𥔰, 𪕺, 𦷒

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1199, character 39
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36499
Dae Jaweon: page 1662, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3908, character 6
Unihan data for U+8C79

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		豹

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 豹
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (勺) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
豹	*preːwɢs
趵	preːwɢs, preːwɢ
尥	breːw, b·reːwɢs
箹	ʔreːwɢs, ʔreːwɢ
杓	plew, pʰlew, bljewɢ, pleːwɢ
約	ʔlewɢs, ʔlewɢ
扚	pleːwʔ, pleːwɢ
釣	*pleːwɢs
瘹	*teːwɢs
芍	ɡleːwʔ, spʰlewɢ, pl'ewɢ, bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ
酌	*pljewɢ
灼	*pljewɢ
勺	pljewɢ, bljewɢ
彴	*pljewɢ
犳	*pljewɢ
妁	pljewɢ, bljewɢ
汋	bljewɢ, sbreːwɢ
仢	*bljewɢ
葯	qlewɢ, qreːwɢ
礿	*lewɢ
肑	preːwɢ, pleːwɢ
瓝	*breːwɢ
的	*pleːwɢ
靮	*pleːwɢ
馰	*pleːwɢ
玓	*pleːwɢ
魡	*pleːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *preːwɢs): semantic 豸 (“beast; creature”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ). Pictogram (象形) in the oracle bone script.

EtymologyEdit

Exopassive derivative of 駁 (OC *praːwɢ, “piebald (horse)”), literally "the spotted one"; ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bruk (“piebald; speckled”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bào (bao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ

(Chengdu, SP): bao⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): paau³, baau³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bau¹
Gan (Wiktionary): bau⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pau

(Meixian, Guangdong): bau⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): bau³
Min Bei (KCR): ba̿u
Min Dong (BUC): báu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pà / pàu

(Teochew, Peng'im): ba³
Wu (Wiktionary): pau (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): bau⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: bào
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
  - Wade–Giles: pao⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bào
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bao⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: paau³, baau³
  - Yale: paau, baau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: paau³, baau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: pao³, bao³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰäːu̯³³/, /päːu̯³³/

Note: baau3 - rare.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bau¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pau
  - Hakka Romanization System: bau
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pau̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pau⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bau³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pau⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ba̿u
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: báu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑu²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pà
  - Tâi-lô: pà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pax
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pa⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pa²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pa¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàu
  - Tâi-lô: pàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: paux
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pau²¹/

Note:

pà - vernacular;
pàu - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ba³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pà
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa²¹³/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: pau (T2)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔ³⁴/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: bau⁴
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒu⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: /pˠau^H/

Rime
Character	豹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	北敎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠau^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚau^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pau^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨw^H/
Li Rong	/pau^H/
Wang Li	/pau^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pau^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤr[e]wk-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*preːwɢs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	豹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bào
Middle Chinese	‹ paew^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁr[e]wk-s/
English	leopard
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	豹
Reading #	1/1
No.	11175
Phonetic component	勺
Rime group	豹
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	豹
Old Chinese	/*preːwɢs/

DefinitionsEdit

豹

leopard; panther
- 虎豹獅甲象大家相爭看 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  虎豹狮甲象大家相争看 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2015, 蔡秋鳳 (Kerris Tsai), 唉呦我的媽
  hó͘ pà sai kah chhiūⁿ ta̍k-ke sio-chiⁿ khòaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
(more specifically) leopard (Panthera pardus)
A surname.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 豹子 (“leopard”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		豹
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		豹, 豹子
Taxonomic name		豹
Mandarin	Beijing	豹子
	Taiwan	豹子, 豹
	Langfang	豹子
	Tangshan	豹
	Cangzhou	豹
	Baoding	豹
	Shijiazhuang	豹
	Daming	豹
	Harbin	豹
	Muping	豹
	Jinan	豹, 豹子
	Luoyang	豹
	Wanrong	豹子
	Zhengzhou	豹
	Xi'an	豹子
	Yinchuan	豹子
	Lanzhou	豹子
	Xining	豹子
	Ürümqi	豹子
	Wuhan	豹子
	Chengdu	豹子
	Guiyang	豹子, 金錢豹
	Guilin	豹
	Liuzhou	豹子, 豹
	Xuzhou	豹子
	Yangzhou	豹, 豹子
	Nanjing	豹子
	Hefei	豹子
	Singapore	豹
Cantonese	Guangzhou	豹
	Hong Kong	豹
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	豹
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	豹
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	豹
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	豹
	Macau	金錢豹
	Panyu	豹
	Huadu (Huashan)	豹仔
	Conghua	豹
	Zengcheng	豹
	Foshan	豹
	Nanhai (Shatou)	豹
	Shunde	豹
	Sanshui	豹
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	豹
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	金錢豹
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	金錢豹
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	豹
	Doumen	豹
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	豹
	Xinhui	豹
	Taishan	斑豹
	Kaiping (Chikan)	豹
	Enping (Niujiang)	豹
	Heshan (Yayao)	豹
	Dongguan	豹
	Bao'an (Shajing)	豹
	Yangjiang	豹仔, 豹
	Nanning	豹
	Wuzhou	金錢豹
	Yulin	金錢豹
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	金錢豹
	Danzhou	豹
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	豹
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	豹
Gan	Nanchang	豹老虎子, 豹老虎
	Lichuan	豹
	Pingxiang	豹虎
Hakka	Meixian	豹仔, 豹虎
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	豹
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	豹
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	豹虎
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	豹
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	豹哩
	Conghua (Lütian)	豹子
	Yudu	豹虎子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	豹
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	豹
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	豹
	Dongshi (Dabu)	豹
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	豹
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	豹
	Hong Kong	豹
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	豹
	Senai (Huiyang)	豹
Huizhou	Jixi	豹
Jin	Taiyuan	豹子
	Xinzhou	豹子
	Hohhot	豹子
	Zhangjiakou	豹子
	Handan	豹子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	豹
Min Dong	Fuzhou	豹
Min Nan	Xiamen	豹
	Quanzhou	豹
	Zhangzhou	豹
	Zhao'an	豹仔
	Tainan	豹
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	豹子
	Chaozhou	豹
	Shantou	豹
	Jieyang	豹
	Bangkok (Teochew)	豹
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	豹
	Wenchang	豹
	Haikou	豹
Puxian Min	Putian	豹
Min Zhong	Yong'an	豹
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	豹
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	豹
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	豹子
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	豹
Wu	Shanghai	豹
	Chongming	豹
	Suzhou	豹
	Danyang	豹
	Hangzhou	豹
	Ningbo	豹
	Wenzhou	豹兒
	Jinhua	豹
Xiang	Changsha	豹子, 豹
	Shuangfeng	豹子
	Loudi	豹子
	Quanzhou	豹子