豹

Translingual

Han character

豹 (Kangxi radical 153, 豸+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月竹心戈 (BHPI), four-corner 2722₀, composition ⿰豸勺)

Derived characters

𠹕, 𥔰, 𪕺, 𦷒, 𬿅, 𭱯

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1199, character 39
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36499
Dae Jaweon: page 1662, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3908, character 6
Unihan data for U+8C79

Chinese

simp. and trad.		豹

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 豹
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (勺) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
豹	*preːwɢs
趵	preːwɢs, preːwɢ
尥	breːw, b·reːwɢs
箹	ʔreːwɢs, ʔreːwɢ
杓	plew, pʰlew, bljewɢ, pleːwɢ
約	ʔlewɢs, ʔlewɢ
扚	pleːwʔ, pleːwɢ
釣	*pleːwɢs
瘹	*teːwɢs
芍	ɡleːwʔ, spʰlewɢ, pl'ewɢ, bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ
酌	*pljewɢ
灼	*pljewɢ
勺	pljewɢ, bljewɢ
彴	*pljewɢ
犳	*pljewɢ
妁	pljewɢ, bljewɢ
汋	bljewɢ, sbreːwɢ
仢	*bljewɢ
葯	qlewɢ, qreːwɢ
礿	*lewɢ
肑	preːwɢ, pleːwɢ
瓝	*breːwɢ
的	*pleːwɢ
靮	*pleːwɢ
馰	*pleːwɢ
玓	*pleːwɢ
魡	*pleːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːwɢs) : semantic 豸 (“beast; creature”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ). Pictogram (象形) in the oracle bone script.

Etymology

Exopassive derivative of 駁 (OC *praːwɢ, “piebald (horse)”), literally "the spotted one"; ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bruk (“piebald; speckled”).^[1]

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bào (bao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bao⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): paau³ / baau³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bau¹
Gan (Wiktionary): bau⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pau

(Meixian, Guangdong): bau⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): bau³
Northern Min (KCR): ba̿u
Eastern Min (BUC): báu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pà / pàu

(Teochew, Peng'im): ba³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵pau
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bau⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bào
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bào
  - Wade–Giles: pao⁴
  - Yale: bàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bao⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: paau³ / baau³
  - Yale: paau / baau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: paau³ / baau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: pao³ / bao³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːu̯³³/, /paːu̯³³/

Note: baau3 - rare.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bau¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pau
  - Hakka Romanization System: bau
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pau̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pau⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bau³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pau⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ba̿u
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: báu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑu²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pà
  - Tâi-lô: pà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pax
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pa⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pa²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pa¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàu
  - Tâi-lô: pàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: paux
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pau²¹/

Note:

pà - vernacular;
pàu - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ba³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pà
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵pau
  - MiniDict: pau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: bau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒu̯⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: paewH

Rime
Character	豹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	北敎切
Baxter	paewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠau^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚau^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pau^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨw^H/
Li Rong	/pau^H/
Wang Li	/pau^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pau^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤr[e]wk-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*preːwɢs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	豹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bào
Middle Chinese	‹ paew^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁr[e]wk-s/
English	leopard
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	豹
Reading #	1/1
No.	11175
Phonetic component	勺
Rime group	豹
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	豹
Old Chinese	/*preːwɢs/

Definitions

豹

leopard; panther (often more specifically Panthera pardus) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn)
- 天子之馬走千里，勝人猛獸。天子之狗走百里，執虎豹。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天子之马走千里，胜人猛兽。天子之狗走百里，执虎豹。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven, c. 370 – 330 BCE, translated based on E. J. Eitel's version
  Tiānzǐ zhī mǎ zǒu qiān lǐ, shèng rén měngshòu. Tiānzǐ zhī gǒu zǒu bǎi lǐ, zhí hǔbào. [Pinyin]
  The steeds of the Son of Heaven could run a thousand li (a day) faster than any wild beast (or any) man; the hounds of the Son of Heaven could run a hundred li (a day) and they were able to seize tigers and leopards.
- 虎豹獅甲象大家相爭看 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  虎豹狮甲象大家相争看 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 2015, 蔡秋鳳 (Kerris Tsai), 唉呦我的媽
  hó͘ pà sai kah chhiūⁿ ta̍k-ke sio-chiⁿ khòaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 豹子 (“leopard”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		豹
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		豹, 豹子
Taxonomic name		豹
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	豹子
	Taiwan	豹子, 豹
	Langfang	豹子
	Harbin	豹
	Singapore	豹
Jilu Mandarin	Tangshan	豹
	Cangzhou	豹
	Baoding	豹
	Shijiazhuang	豹
	Jinan	豹, 豹子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	豹
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	豹
	Daming	豹
	Wanrong	豹子
	Zhengzhou	豹
	Xi'an	豹子
	Xining	豹子
	Xuzhou	豹子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	豹子
	Lanzhou	豹子
	Ürümqi	豹子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	豹子
	Wuhan	豹子
	Guiyang	豹子, 金錢豹
	Guilin	豹
	Liuzhou	豹子, 豹
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	豹子
	Yangzhou	豹, 豹子
	Hefei	豹子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	豹
	Hong Kong	豹
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	豹
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	豹
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	豹
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	豹
	Macau	金錢豹
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	豹
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	豹仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	豹
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	豹
	Foshan	豹
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	豹
	Foshan (Shunde)	豹
	Foshan (Sanshui)	豹
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	豹
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	金錢豹
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	金錢豹
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	豹
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	豹
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	豹
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	豹
	Taishan	斑豹
	Kaiping (Chikan)	豹
	Enping (Niujiang)	豹
	Heshan (Yayao)	豹
	Dongguan	豹
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	豹
	Yangjiang	豹仔, 豹
	Nanning	豹
	Wuzhou	金錢豹
	Yulin	金錢豹
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	金錢豹
	Danzhou	豹
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	豹
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	豹
Gan	Nanchang	豹老虎子, 豹老虎
	Lichuan	豹
	Pingxiang	豹虎
Hakka	Meixian	豹仔, 豹虎
	Xingning	豹虎哩, 豹哩
	Dabu (Xihe)	豹仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	豹
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	豹
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	豹虎
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	豹
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	豹哩
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	豹子
	Jiexi	豹
	Luhe	豹
	Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	豹虎子, 金錢豹
	Wuping (Zhongshan)	豹虎子
	Yudu	豹虎子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	豹
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	豹
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	豹
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	豹
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	豹
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	豹
	Hong Kong	豹
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	豹
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	豹
	Senai (Huiyang)	豹
Huizhou	Jixi	豹
Jin	Taiyuan	豹子
	Xinzhou	豹子
	Hohhot	豹子
	Zhangjiakou	豹子
	Handan	豹子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	豹
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	豹
Southern Min	Xiamen	豹
	Quanzhou	豹
	Zhangzhou	豹
	Zhao'an	豹仔
	Tainan	豹
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	豹子
	Chaozhou	豹
	Shantou	豹
	Jieyang	豹
	Bangkok (Teochew)	豹
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	豹
	Wenchang	豹
	Haikou	豹
Puxian Min	Putian	豹
Central Min	Yong'an	豹
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	豹
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	豹
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	豹子
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	豹
Wu	Shanghai	豹, 金錢豹
	Shanghai (Chongming)	豹
	Suzhou	豹
	Danyang	豹
	Hangzhou	豹
	Ningbo	豹
	Wenzhou	豹兒
	Jinhua	豹
Xiang	Changsha	豹子, 豹
	Loudi	豹子
	Shuangfeng	豹子
	Quanzhou	豹子
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	豹虎
Xiangnan Tuhua	Dong'an	豹唧
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	豹虎
	Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang)	豹虎
	Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	豹虎
	Renhua (Zhoutian)	豹虎仔
	Renhua (Shitang)	豹虎仔
	Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou)	豹虎
	Lechang (Changlai)	豹
	Lechang (Beixiang)	豹虎仔
	Lechang (Huangpu)	豹老虎
	Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi)	豹子
	Lechang (Sanxi)	豹虎

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (豹):

→ Japanese: 豹(ひょう) (hyō)
→ Vietnamese: báo (豹)

Others:

→ Proto-Vietic: *pɛːw
- Vietnamese: beo
→ Zhuang: beuq

References

“Entry #6693”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

^ Schuessler, 2007; STEDT

Japanese

Kanji

豹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ひょう (hyō)^{←へう (feu, historical)}
Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
豹
ひょう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

ヒョウ on Japanese Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 豹 (paew^H).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひょー [hyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ço̞ː]

Noun

豹(ひょう) or 豹(ヒョウ) • (hyō) ^{←へう (feu) or ヘウ (feu)^?}

a leopard (a large wild cat with a spotted coat, Panthera pardus)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 豹 (MC paewH). Recorded as Middle Korean 표〮 (phyó) (Yale: phyo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

豹

Wikisource

豹 (eumhun 표범 표 (pyobeom pyo))

hanja form^? of 표 (“leopard; panther”)

Compounds

표범 (豹범, pyobeom)
해표 (海豹, haepyo)
표변 (豹變, pyobyeon)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
豹

Han character

豹: Hán Nôm readings: báo, beo, bươu

chữ Hán form of báo (“spotted big cat”).
Nôm form of beo (“spotted big cat”).

[1] Schuessler, 2007; STEDT

[1]