韓

See also: 韩

韓 U+97D3, 韓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-97D3 ← 韒 [U+97D2] CJK Unified Ideographs 韔 → [U+97D4]

Translingual

Han character

韓 (Kangxi radical 178, 韋+8, 17 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 十十木一手 (JJDMQ), four-corner 4445₆, composition ⿰龺韋)

Derived characters

• 𬉧, 𧃙

Related characters

• 韩 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• KangXi: page 1394, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43159
• Dae Jaweon: page 1909, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4506, character 21
• Unihan data for U+97D3

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Chinese

trad.		韓
simp.		韩
2nd round simp.		⿰车卜
alternative forms		𩏑 㙔 幹／干 “fence” 榦／干 “fence”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (倝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
乾	*kaːn, *ɡran
漧	*kaːn
倝	*kaːns
榦	*kaːns
韓	*ɡaːn
鶾	*ɡaːn
翰	*ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
瀚	*ɡaːns
螒	*ɡaːns
雗	*ɡaːns
斡	*qʷaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaːn): phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 韋 (“surround”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hán (han²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хон (hon, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): hon⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hon³

• Gan (Wiktionary): hon²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hòn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hon²

• Jin (Wiktionary): han¹
• Min Bei (KCR): ǔing
• Min Dong (BUC): hàng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hang⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhoe (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): han²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: hán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harn
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hán
    • Wade–Giles: han2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хон (hon, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hon⁴
    • Yale: hòhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hon⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hon³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔn²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: hon²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵn²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòn
    • Hakka Romanization System: honˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hon²
    • Sinological IPA: /hon¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hon²
    • Sinological IPA: /hɔn¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: han¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /xæ̃¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǔing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uiŋ²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hân
    • Tâi-lô: hân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /han²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /han²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /han¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /han²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhoe (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦø²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: han²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦɑn/

Rime
Character	韓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡安切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦan/
Li Rong	/ɣɑn/
Wang Li	/ɣɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	韓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hán
Middle Chinese	‹ han ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁar/
English	(state in the Korean peninsula; Three Kingdoms period)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	韓
Reading #	1/1
No.	3702
Phonetic component	倝
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	寒
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːn/

Definitions

韓

1. (obsolete) fence surrounding a well; puteal
2. (～國) Han, a minor state that existed during the Western Zhou Dynasty and early Spring and Autumn period
3. (～國) Han, an ancient Chinese state during the Warring States period of ancient China

   • 李斯因說秦王，請先取韓以恐他國，於是使斯下韓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     李斯因说秦王，请先取韩以恐他国，于是使斯下韩。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE

     Lǐ Sī yīn shuì Qín wáng, qǐng xiān qǔ Hán yǐ kǒng tāguó, yúshì shǐ Sī xià Hán. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

4. (astronomy) The star Zeta Ophiuchi in traditional Chinese astronomy, named for the state

   Synonym: 天市右垣十一

5. a surname.

   韓愈 / 韩愈  ―  Hán Yù  ―  Han Yu (Tang dynasty writer and government official)

6. (historical) common designation of Mahan, Byeonhan, and Jinhan, three ancient tribal federations located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula
7. Short for 韓國／韩国 (Hánguó, “Korea (especially South Korea)”).

Descendants

• → English: Han, Hon
• → Zhuang: hanz

Compounds

• 三韓／三韩 (Sānhán)
• 北韓／北韩 (Běihán)
• 南韓／南韩 (Nánhán)
• 大韓民國／大韩民国 (Dàhán Mínguó)
• 孟詩韓筆／孟诗韩笔
• 極切瞻韓／极切瞻韩
• 申韓／申韩
• 蘇海韓潮／苏海韩潮
• 識韓／识韩
• 韓信囊沙／韩信囊沙
• 韓信將兵／韩信将兵
• 韓信用兵／韩信用兵

• 韓信登壇／韩信登坛
• 韓信點兵／韩信点兵
• 韓國／韩国 (Hánguó)
• 韓壽偷香／韩寿偷香
• 韓壽分香／韩寿分香
• 韓奕／韩奕
• 韓家灣／韩家湾 (Hánjiāwān)
• 韓市呼天／韩市呼天
• 韓幹畫馬／韩干画马
• 韓康賣藥／韩康卖药
• 韓戰／韩战 (Hánzhàn)
• 韓朋賦／韩朋赋

• 韓朋鳥／韩朋鸟
• 韓柳／韩柳
• 韓海蘇潮／韩海苏潮
• 韓灣／韩湾 (Hánwān)
• 韓盧／韩卢
• 韓盧逐㕙／韩卢逐㕙
• 韓盧逐塊／韩卢逐块
• 韓盧逐逡／韩卢逐逡
• 韓詩／韩诗
• 韓詩外傳／韩诗外传
• 韓集／韩集 (Hánjí)
• 韓非子／韩非子 (Hán Fēizǐ)

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Japanese

Kanji

韓

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. Korea, Korean

Readings

• Go-on: がん (gan)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Tō-on: はん (han)
• Kun: から (kara, 韓); いげた (igeta)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
韓
かん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 韓 (MC ɦɑn).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Proper noun

韓(かん) • (Kan) 

1. Korea (now especially South Korea)
2. (historical) Han (ancient Chinese county, viscounty, and kingdom of the Zhou dynasty)
3. (historical) Short for 三韓 (Sankan, “Samhan”).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
韓
から Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) か​ら [káꜜrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠]

Proper noun

韓(から) • (Kara) 

1. Alternative spelling of 唐 (Kara), specifically referring to Korea.

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 韓 (MC ɦɑn).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅘᅡᆫ (Yale: hhàn)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575	나라 (Yale: nala)	한 (Yale: han)

Pronunciation

• (surname):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ha̠n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [한]
• (Korea; historical placenames):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ha̠(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [한(ː)]
    • Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

韓 (eumhun 한국(韓國) 한 (Han'guk han))
韓 (eumhun 나라 이름 한 (nara ireum han))

1. Hanja form^? of 한 (“Korea, the Republic of Korea”).
2. Hanja form^? of 한 (“a surname.”).
3. (historical) Hanja form^? of 한 (“Han (ancient Chinese county, viscounty, and kingdom of the Zhou dynasty)”).
4. (historical) Hanja form^? of 한 (“common designation of Mahan, Byeonhan, and Jinhan”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 한국 (韓國, Han'guk)
• 마한 (馬韓, Mahan)
• 변한 (弁韓, Byeonhan)
• 진한 (辰韓, Jinhan)
• 삼한 (三韓, Samhan)
• 한민족 (韓民族, Hanminjok)
• 한국어 (韓國語, Han'gugeo)
• 대한민국 (大韓民國, Daehanmin'guk)

Proper noun

Hanja in this term
韓

韓 • (Han) (hangeul 한)

1. (in news headlines) Short for 韓(한)國(국) (Han-guk, “(South Korea) South Korea”).

   韓(한)·美(미) 자유 무역 협정

   Han·Mi jayu muyeok hyeopjeong

   Free trade agreement between the United States of America and the Republic of Korea

See also

• 北(북) (Buk, “(South Korea) North Korea”)

Usage notes

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

韓: Hán Nôm readings: hàn

1. Korea