因
See also: 囙
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
因 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 田大 (WK), four-corner 60430, composition ⿴囗大)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 217, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4693
- Dae Jaweon: page 444, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 711, character 9
- Unihan data for U+56E0
Further readingEdit
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
因 | |
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| alternative forms | 囙 𤇀 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 因 | |||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 囗 (“sheet”) + 大 (“person”) – man on a mattress. Original form of 裀 (OC *qin, “mat; layered garment”) or 茵 (OC *qin, “mattress; cushion”).
Alternatively, possibly an ideogrammic compound (會意) of a man wearing clothing.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
因
- (literary) to follow (e.g. a tradition)
- (literary) to take advantage; to make use of a situation
- 孔父嘉為司馬，督為大宰，故因民之不堪命，先宣言曰「司馬則然。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Kǒngfǔ Jiā wéi sīmǎ, Dū wéi tàizǎi, gù yīn mín zhī bùkān mìng, xiān xuānyán yuē “sīmǎ zé rán.” [Pinyin]
- (At the time) Kongfu Jia was the Marshal and Hua Du the Chancellor. Therefore the latter, making use of popular resentment (against frequent drafts), first spread the words that it was the Marshal that accented their suffering.
孔父嘉为司马，督为大宰，故因民之不堪命，先宣言曰“司马则然。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 於柯之會，桓公欲背曹沫之約，管仲因而信之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Yú Kē zhī huì, Huángōng yù bèi Cáo Mò zhī yuē, Guǎn Zhòng yīn ér xìn zhī. [Pinyin]
- At the Convention of Ke, Duke Huan wanted to renege on his oath with Cao Mo. Yet Guan Zhong, taking advantage of the situation, greatly amplified the Duke's reputation of trustworthiness.
于柯之会，桓公欲背曹沫之约，管仲因而信之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (archaic) conveniently; in passing; expediently
- 今人有大功而擊之，不義也，不如因善遇之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Jīn rén yǒu dàgōng ér jīzhī, bùyì yě, bùrú yīn shàn yùzhī. [Pinyin]
- It is beneath ourselves to attack a person because of his merit. We had better, as a matter of convenience, treat him with goodwill.
今人有大功而击之，不义也，不如因善遇之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (archaic) thus; in such way; therefore; accordingly
- (archaic) through; via
- 衛鞅聞是令下，西入秦，因景監求見孝公。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Wèi Yāng wén shì lìng xià, xī rù Qín, yīn Jǐngjiān qiú jiàn Xiàogōng. [Pinyin]
- Yang of Wey, on hearing the decree's promulgation, left westward for Qin and sought the audience of Duke Xiao through the eunuch Jing.
卫鞅闻是令下，西入秦，因景监求见孝公。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete) to multiply
- 令兩出門步數相乘，因而四之，為實。開方除之，即得邑方。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 2nd century BCE, Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art (《九章算術》)
- Lìng liǎng chūmén bùshù xiāngchéng, yīn ér sì zhī, wéi shí. Kāifāng chú zhī, jí dé yì fāng. [Pinyin]
- Multiply the two distances to the respective portals, and multiply that product by four to obtain the quadruple as the operand. Take the square root of the operand, and one finds the side-length of the square equiareal to the rectangular town.
令两出门步数相乘，因而四之，为实。开方除之，即得邑方。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- depending on; according to; based on; contingent upon
- 因人而異／因人而异 ― yīnrén'éryì ― to vary from one person to another
- 因地制宜 ― yīndìzhìyí ― to make plans according to local conditions
- 若因過去時，有未來現在：未來及現在，應在過去時。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 409, Kumārajīva (鳩摩羅什 (Jiūmóluóshí)), translator. The Mūlamadhyamakakārikā by Nāgārjuna (《中論》). English text based on the translation by Stephen Batchellor.
- Ruò yīn guòqù shí, yǒu wèilái xiànzài: wèilái jí xiànzài, yīng zài guòqù shí. [Pinyin]
- If the present and the future were contingent on the past, then the present and the future would have existed in the past.
若因过去时，有未来现在：未来及现在，应在过去时。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Cantonese) to estimate
- reason; cause
- because; since
- due to; because of
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 因
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DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00726
- “因”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
因
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: いん (in, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: いん (in, Jōyō)
- Kun: よる (yoru, 因る, Jōyō); ちなむ (chinamu, 因む)
- Nanori: なみ (nami); ゆかり (yukari); よし (yoshi); より (yori)
CompoundsEdit
- 因幡 (Inaba)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 因 |
| いん Grade: 5 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 因 (MC ʔiɪn).
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
NounEdit
- cause; reason; factor
- (Buddhism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Derived termsEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a surname
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 因 |
| ちな(み) Grade: 5 |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see the following entry: ちなみ |
(The following entry is uncreated: ちなみ.)
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 因 |
| よし Grade: 5 |
| nanori |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, 因, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 因 |
| よすが Grade: 5 |
| nanori |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 因 – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, 因, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 因 (MC ʔiɪn).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅙᅵᆫ (Yale: qìn) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 인ᄒᆞᆯ (Yale: in-hol) | 인 (Yale: in) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [in]
- Phonetic hangul: [인]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
因: Hán Nôm readings: nhân, nhằn, dăn, nhăn, nhơn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
ZhuangEdit
ClassifierEdit
因