kara
English edit
Etymology edit
From Punjabi ਕੜਾ (kaṛā); see Hindi कड़ा (kaṛā, “bracelet”).
Noun edit
kara (plural karas)
Anagrams edit
Balinese edit
Romanization edit
kara
Basque edit
Noun edit
kara
Cornish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Brythonic *karɨd. Cognate with Breton karout and Welsh caru.
Verb edit
kara (irregular)
- to love
Conjugation edit
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | |||||
Pres-fut | Imperfect | Preterite | Conditional | Pres-fut | Imperfect | ||
1s | karav | karen | keris | karsen | kyrriv | karren | - |
2s | kerydh | kares | kersys | karses | kyrri | karres | kar |
3s | kar | kara | karas | karsa | karro | karra | kares |
1p | keryn | karen | kersyn | karsen | kerryn | karren | keryn |
2p | kerowgh | karewgh | kersowgh | karsewgh | kerrowgh | karrewgh | kerowgh |
3p | karons | karens | kersons | karsens | karrons | karrens | karens |
0 | kerir | kares | karas | karsys | kyrrer | karrys | - |
Present participle: ow kara Verbal adjective: kerys |
Mutation edit
Cornish consonant mutation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
unmutated | soft | aspirate | hard | mixed | mixed after 'th |
kara | gara | hara | unchanged | unchanged | unchanged |
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
From Italian caro, cara, from Latin cārus. Compare French cher.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
kara (accusative singular karan, plural karaj, accusative plural karajn)
- dear
- Mi amegas vin, mia kara.
- I love you so much, my dear.
- Kara S-ro Garcio, mi estas skribanta al vi ĉi tiun leteron, ĉar…
- Dear Mr. Garcia, I am writing you this letter because…
Derived terms edit
Finnish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *kara.
Noun edit
kara
- a dried branch, rib of a leaf or other similar dried part of a plant
- Synonym: karahka
- core (uneaten part of an apple or similar fruit)
- core of a pirn (in a weaving shuttle)
- (machining) spindle
- core (in injection molding)
- spindle (of a door or window handle, etc.)
- pin (a piece of wood, partly inserted inside the wall, that supports the frame of a window or door)
- valve stem
Declension edit
Inflection of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kara | karat | ||
genitive | karan | karojen | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | kara | karat | ||
accusative | nom. | kara | karat | |
gen. | karan | |||
genitive | karan | karojen karainrare | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
inessive | karassa | karoissa | ||
elative | karasta | karoista | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
adessive | karalla | karoilla | ||
ablative | karalta | karoilta | ||
allative | karalle | karoille | ||
essive | karana | karoina | ||
translative | karaksi | karoiksi | ||
abessive | karatta | karoitta | ||
instructive | — | karoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “kara”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
kara
Declension edit
Inflection of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kara | karat | ||
genitive | karan | karojen | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | kara | karat | ||
accusative | nom. | kara | karat | |
gen. | karan | |||
genitive | karan | karojen karainrare | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
inessive | karassa | karoissa | ||
elative | karasta | karoista | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
adessive | karalla | karoilla | ||
ablative | karalta | karoilta | ||
allative | karalle | karoille | ||
essive | karana | karoina | ||
translative | karaksi | karoiksi | ||
abessive | karatta | karoitta | ||
instructive | — | karoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
kara
Declension edit
Inflection of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kara | karat | ||
genitive | karan | karojen | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | kara | karat | ||
accusative | nom. | kara | karat | |
gen. | karan | |||
genitive | karan | karojen karainrare | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
inessive | karassa | karoissa | ||
elative | karasta | karoista | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
adessive | karalla | karoilla | ||
ablative | karalta | karoilta | ||
allative | karalle | karoille | ||
essive | karana | karoina | ||
translative | karaksi | karoiksi | ||
abessive | karatta | karoitta | ||
instructive | — | karoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Anagrams edit
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
kara
- Romanization of 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
From kar + -a (possessive suffix).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kara
- third-person singular single-possession possessive of kar (“faculty; ensemble”)
Usage notes edit
For the possessive of kar in the sense “arm, lever”, see karja.
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kara | — |
accusative | karát | — |
dative | karának | — |
instrumental | karával | — |
causal-final | karáért | — |
translative | karává | — |
terminative | karáig | — |
essive-formal | karaként | — |
essive-modal | karául | — |
inessive | karában | — |
superessive | karán | — |
adessive | karánál | — |
illative | karába | — |
sublative | karára | — |
allative | karához | — |
elative | karából | — |
delative | karáról | — |
ablative | karától | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
karáé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
karáéi | — |
Ido edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
kara
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦫ (kara), from Old Javanese kara.
Noun edit
kara (plural kara-kara, first-person possessive karaku, second-person possessive karamu, third-person possessive karanya)
- (botany) hyacinth bean, lablab-bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, seim, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, bataw, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Toraja-Sa'dan [Term?]
Noun edit
kara (plural kara-kara, first-person possessive karaku, second-person possessive karamu, third-person possessive karanya)
- jewelry made from shells, round with a hole in the middle, usually attached to clothes, large shields, or hats worn by war dancers at death feasts
Further reading edit
- “kara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
kara
Javanese edit
Romanization edit
kara
- Romanization of ꦏꦫ
Jingpho edit
Noun edit
kara
Karaim edit
Adjective edit
kara
References edit
Karao edit
Noun edit
kara
Khalaj edit
Perso-Arabic | کَره |
---|
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Persian کره (kare).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kara (definite accusative karañ, plural karalar)
Declension edit
References edit
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
Latvian edit
Noun edit
kara m
Lower Sorbian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Middle High German karre, ultimately from Latin carrus, from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kara f inan (diminutive karka)
Declension edit
References edit
- Lower Sorbian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Mapudungun edit
Noun edit
kara (Raguileo spelling)
References edit
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Nias edit
Noun edit
kara (mutated form gara)
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kara n
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kara m
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Noun edit
kara n
Nupe edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kàrà
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kara (plural karazhì)
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kàrà
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kárà (plural káràzhì)
See also edit
- sókùn (“compound wall built from one house to another”)
Old Javanese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit कर (kara, “finger”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”).
Noun edit
kara
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
kara
Etymology 3 edit
Unknown, probably borrowed from Sanskrit खर (khara, “thorny plant”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
kara
- (botany) hyacinth bean, lablab-bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, seim, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, bataw, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus.
Descendants edit
Etymology 4 edit
Noun edit
kara
- Alternative spelling of khara
Etymology 5 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
kara
- animals that may not be eaten
- crow
Further reading edit
- "kara" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *karu. Cognate with Old English caru, Old High German chara (“grief”), Old Norse kǫr (“sickbed”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (kara).
Noun edit
kara f
Declension edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Oroqen edit
Adjective edit
kara
References edit
- Whaley, Lindsay & Li, Fengxiang. (1998). The Suffix -Kan in Oroqen. Studies in Language. 22. 447-471. 10.1075/sl.22.2.06wha.
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.
Noun edit
kara f
- punishment
- penalty, fine
- kara śmierci ― capital punishment/death penalty
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from German Karren, from Latin carrus.
Noun edit
kara f
Declension edit
Descendants edit
- → Ukrainian: ґара (gara)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
kara f
Declension edit
Etymology 4 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
kara
- inflection of karo:
Etymology 5 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective edit
kara
Further reading edit
- kara in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- kara in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “kara”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
Rapa Nui edit
Noun edit
kara
Serbo-Croatian edit
Verb edit
kara (Cyrillic spelling кара)
Silesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.
Noun edit
kara f
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
kara f
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
kara f
Further reading edit
- kara in silling.org
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish قره (kara), from Proto-Turkic *kara (“dark, black”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
kara
- black, dark
- Synonym: siyah
- Antonyms: ak, beyaz
- kara büyü ― black magic
- brunette
- dark skinned
- (figuratively) evil, wicked, villainous
- (figuratively, archaic) courageous
Declension edit
simple present | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
ben (I am) | karayım | karalarım* |
sen (you are) | karasın | karalarsın* |
o (he/she/it is) | kara / karadır | karalar* / karalardır* |
biz (we are) | karayız | karalarız |
siz (you are) | karasınız | karalarsınız |
onlar (they are) | karalar | karalardır |
simple past | singular | plural |
ben (I was) | karaydım | karalardım* |
sen (you were) | karaydın | karalardın* |
o (he/she/it was) | karaydı | karalardı* |
biz (we were) | karaydık | karalardık |
siz (you were) | karaydınız | karalardınız |
onlar (they were) | karaydılar | karalardı |
indirect / unwitnessed past | singular | plural |
ben (I was) | karaymışım | karalarmışım* |
sen (you were) | karaymışsın | karalarmışsın* |
o (he/she/it was) | karaymış | karalarmış* |
biz (we were) | karaymışız | karalarmışız |
siz (you were) | karaymışsınız | karalarmışsınız |
onlar (they were) | karaymışlar | karalarmış |
*Not used, but perhaps rarely - chiefly grammatical formations.
Note: Plural forms are not used with adjectives. |
Descendants edit
- → Adyghe: къарэ (qarɛ)
Noun edit
kara (definite accusative karayı, plural karalar)
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | kara | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | karayı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | kara | karalar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | karayı | karaları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | karaya | karalara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | karada | karalarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | karadan | karalardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | karanın | karaların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Coordinate terms edit
- (compass points)
kuzeybatı | kuzey şimal kara |
kuzeydoğu |
batı garp |
doğu şark | |
güneybatı | güney cenup ak |
güneydoğu |
See also edit
beyaz, ak | gri, boz | siyah, kara |
kırmızı, kızıl; al | turuncu; kahverengi, konur, boz | sarı; bej |
limon çürüğü | yeşil | nane yeşili |
camgöbeği; turkuaz | gök, mavi | lacivert |
eflatun; mor | pembe; mor | yavruağzı |
Veps edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
kara
Inflection edit
Inflection of kara (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | kara | ||
genitive sing. | karan | ||
partitive sing. | karad | ||
partitive plur. | karoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | kara | karad | |
accusative | karan | karad | |
genitive | karan | karoiden | |
partitive | karad | karoid | |
essive-instructive | karan | karoin | |
translative | karaks | karoikš | |
inessive | karas | karoiš | |
elative | karaspäi | karoišpäi | |
illative | karaha | karoihe | |
adessive | karal | karoil | |
ablative | karalpäi | karoilpäi | |
allative | karale | karoile | |
abessive | karata | karoita | |
comitative | karanke | karoidenke | |
prolative | karadme | karoidme | |
approximative I | karanno | karoidenno | |
approximative II | karannoks | karoidennoks | |
egressive | karannopäi | karoidennopäi | |
terminative I | karahasai | karoihesai | |
terminative II | karalesai | karoilesai | |
terminative III | karassai | — | |
additive I | karahapäi | karoihepäi | |
additive II | karalepäi | karoilepäi |
References edit
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “бухта”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Wanyi edit
Noun edit
kara
References edit
- Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)