李
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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Han character
edit李 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木弓木 (DND), four-corner 40407, composition ⿱木子)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 511, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14459
- Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1162, character 8
- Unihan data for U+674E
Chinese
edittrad. | 李 | |
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simp. # | 李 | |
alternative forms | 杍 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 李 | |||
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Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Oracle bone script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *rɯʔ) : phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “wheat”) + semantic 子. The phonetic part 來 became gradually corrupted to yield 木 (“tree”).
Shuowen erroneously remarks that this is a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ли (li, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): li3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): li2
- Northern Min (KCR): sā̤ / lǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): lī
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): li3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
- Wade–Giles: li3
- Yale: lǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ni3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ли (li, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lei5 / lei5-2
- Yale: léih / léi
- Cantonese Pinyin: lei5 / lei5-2
- Guangdong Romanization: léi5 / léi5-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯¹³/, /lei̯¹³⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lei2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lí
- Hakka Romanization System: liˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: li3
- Sinological IPA: /li³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: liˊ
- Sinological IPA: /li²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: li2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sā̤ / lǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛ⁵⁵/, /li²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- sā̤ - vernacular (plum);
- lǐ - literary (surname).
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lī
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃i³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 李 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /li²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /li²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /li¹³/ | |
Jinan | /li⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /li⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /li⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /li⁵³/ | |
Xining | /l̩⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /li⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /li⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /li⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /ni⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /ni⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /ni⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /li⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /li²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /zz̩²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /li⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /li⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /li⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /li²³/ |
Suzhou | /li³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /li⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /lei³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /li³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /li²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /li⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /ni⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /li²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /li³¹/ |
Taoyuan | /li³¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lei²³/ |
Nanning | /li²⁴/ | |
Hong Kong | /lei¹³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /li⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /li³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /li²¹/ /sɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /li⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /li²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: liX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rɯʔ/
Definitions
edit李
- plum (tree and fruit)
- † Alternative form of 理 (lǐ, “judge; justice”)
- a surname, listed fourth in the Baijiaxing
- 李白 ― Lǐ Bái ― Li Bai (Li Bo) (Tang dynasty poet)
- 李連杰/李连杰 [Cantonese] ― lei5 lin4 git6 [Jyutping] ― Jet Li (Li Lianjie or Li Yangzhong)
Usage notes
editIn mainland China and among its expatriates, this surname is generally romanized as "Li" in accordance with the Hanyu Pinyin system. Although an identical transliteration is used in Wade-Giles, similarity in pronunciation to the English surname makes the romanization "Lee" more common in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and elsewhere. A notable example of this is Bruce Lee.
Synonyms
editDescendants
editCompounds
edit- 僵李代桃
- 公門桃李/公门桃李
- 凡桃俗李
- 呼張喚李/呼张唤李
- 夭桃穠李/夭桃秾李
- 夭桃襛李/夭桃𰳺李
- 小李
- 張三李四/张三李四 (zhāngsān-lǐsì)
- 張冠李戴/张冠李戴 (zhāngguānlǐdài)
- 張王李趙/张王李赵 (Zhāng-Wáng-Lǐ-Zhào)
- 投桃報李/投桃报李 (tóutáobàolǐ)
- 方桃譬李
- 李下
- 李下無蹊/李下无蹊
- 李下瓜田 (lǐxiàguātián)
- 李代桃僵 (lǐdàitáojiāng)
- 李劉馬夏/李刘马夏
- 李唐 (Lǐtáng)
- 李埠 (Lǐbù)
- 李子 (lǐzi)
- 李家河 (Lǐjiāhé)
- 李富莊/李富庄 (Lǐfùzhuāng)
- 李寨 (Lǐzhài)
- 李店 (Lǐdiàn)
- 李廟/李庙 (Lǐmiào)
- 李廣射虎/李广射虎
- 李廣難封/李广难封
- 李思訓碑/李思训碑
- 李杜 (Lǐ-Dù)
- 李榨 (Lǐzhà)
- 李樓/李楼 (Lǐlóu)
- 李灘/李滩 (Lǐtān)
- 李灣/李湾 (Lǐwān)
- 李爾王/李尔王
- 李耳
- 李膺門/李膺门
- 李郭同舟
- 李集 (Lǐjí)
- 李靖
- 桃來李答/桃来李答
- 桃李 (táolǐ)
- 桃李之教
- 桃李滿門/桃李满门 (táolǐmǎnmén)
- 桃李爭妍/桃李争妍
- 桃李爭輝/桃李争辉
- 桃李門牆/桃李门墙
- 檇李/槜李
- 歐李/欧李
- 正冠李下
- 比張比李/比张比李
- 沉李浮瓜
- 浮瓜沉李
- 濃桃豔李/浓桃艳李
- 牛李黨爭/牛李党争
- 瓜李之嫌
- 瓜田李下 (guātiánlǐxià)
- 色豔桃李/色艳桃李
- 苦李
- 華李/华李 (Huálǐ)
- 行李 (xínglǐ)
- 行李箱 (xínglǐxiāng)
- 行李袋
- 西李灣/西李湾 (Xīlǐwān)
- 豔如桃李/艳如桃李
- 賣李鑽核/卖李钻核
- 趙李橋/赵李桥 (Zhàolǐqiáo)
- 道傍李
- 道傍苦李
- 郁李 (yùlǐ)
- 鐵拐李/铁拐李
- 門牆桃李/门墙桃李
- 魏李 (Wèilǐ)
References
edit- “李”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #3231”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
editCompounds
edit- 行李 (kōri)
Etymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
李 |
Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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酸桃 |
Compound of 酸 (su, “vinegar; sour”) + 桃 (momo, “peach”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editUsage notes
editAs with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as スモモ.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Middle Chinese 李 (MC liX).
Pronunciation
editAffix
editDerived terms
editProper noun
edit- Japanese reading of the Chinese or Korean surname
- Japanese reading of the Chinese surname
- Japanese reading of the South Korean surname
Derived terms
editReferences
editFurther reading
edit- Entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
- Entry at Gogen Allguide (in Japanese)
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 李 (MC liX).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 링〯 (Yale: lǐ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 니〯 (nǐ) (Yale: nǐ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
edit- (initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
- (non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾi]
- Phonetic hangul: [리]
Hanja
edit李 (eumhun 오얏나무 리 (oyannamu ri), word-initial (South Korea) 오얏나무 이 (oyannamu i))
- hanja form? of 리/이 (“Lee, the second most common Korean surname.”)
- (literary) hanja form? of 리/이 (“plum tree”)
Usage notes
editThis hanja is spelled 이 (i) in South Korea due to 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik).
Compounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- Chữ Hán form of Lý (“a surname from Chinese.”).
- 李公蘊 ― Lý Công Uẩn
- a unisex given name
References
edit- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Leizhou Min lemmas
- Puxian Min lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
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- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
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- zh:Prunus genus plants
- Japanese kanji
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading り
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading り
- Japanese kanji with kun reading すもも
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading もも
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading い
- Japanese terms spelled with 李
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