Wiktionary

半

半 U+534A, 半
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-534A
← 卉
[U+5349] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卋 →
[U+534B]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

  • In Korean hanja, the upper component of the character is written in the form of ハ.

Han characterEdit

半 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 火手 (FQ), four-corner 90500, composition ⿻丷𰀁(GHTJV) or ⿻八𰀁(K))

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №18

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 156, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2707
  • Dae Jaweon: page 354, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 46, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+534A

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 半

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (半) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
半 *paːns
絆 *paːns
靽 *paːns
姅 *paːns, *pʰaːns
拌 *pʰaːn, *baːnʔ
拚 *pʰaːn, *brons, *pʰaːn, *puns
坢 *pʰaːnʔ
判 *pʰaːns
泮 *pʰaːns
頖 *pʰaːns
胖 *pʰaːns
冸 *pʰaːns
牉 *pʰaːns
柈 *baːn
伴 *baːnʔ, *baːns
叛 *baːns
畔 *baːns
袢 *ban

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 八 (“to divide”) + 牛 (“cow”) – to cut a cow into two halves.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *par. Related to 畔 (OC *baːns, “bank between fields”), which is an endopassive of 半 (OC *paːns, “half”), lit. "be separated from".

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • pòaⁿ - vernacular;
  • poàn - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 半
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 博慢切
    Baxter panH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/puɑnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʷɑnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/puɑnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pwanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/puɑnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/puɑnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/puɑnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bun3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 半
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ panH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pˁan-s/
    English half

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 半
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 243
    Phonetic
    component         		半
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		半
    Old
    Chinese         		/*paːns/

    DefinitionsEdit

    半

    1. half
      全國人口的一半／全国人口的一半  ―  quánguó rénkǒu de yībàn  ―  half of the national population
      一磅半 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 bong6 bun3 [Jyutping]  ―  1½ pounds
      十點半／十点半 [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 dim2 bun3 [Jyutping]  ―  10:30
    2. very little
    3. halfway, partially, semi-
      半醉半醒  ―  bàn zuì bàn xǐng  ―  partially in a stupor, partially awake
    4. (informal, neologism) half past
      九半 [Cantonese]  ―  gau2 bun3 [Jyutping]  ―  half past nine

    Usage notesEdit

    半 (bàn) + classifier + noun indicate half of something, while number + classifier + 半 (bàn) + noun means "and a half".

    半塊麵包／半块面包  ―  bàn kuài miànbāo  ―  half a loaf of bread
    兩塊半麵包／两块半面包  ―  liǎng kuài bàn miànbāo  ―  two and a half loves of bread

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 半

    Further readingEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    Shinjitai 半
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    半󠄁
    半+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)         		 
    半󠄃
    半+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    KanjiEdit

    半

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. half

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms

    NounEdit

    半(はん) • (han) 

    1. odd (especially of dice)
      Antonyms: 丁(ちょう) (chō, “even”)

    PrefixEdit

    半(はん) • (han-) 

    1. half, semi-
      半(はん)年(とし)
      hantoshi
      semiannual
      半(はん)世(せい)紀(き)
      hanseiki
      semicentennial
    Antonyms

    SuffixEdit

    半(はん) • (-han) 

    1. and a half
      四(よん)倍(ばい)半(はん)
      yon-bai han
      four and a half times
      二(に)十(じゅう)二(に)年(ねん)半(はん)
      nijūni-nen han
      twenty-two and a half years

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ “半”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 半 (MC puɑnH). Recorded as Middle Korean 반 (pan) (Yale: pan) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    PronunciationEdit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [반(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    半 (eumhun 반 반 (ban ban))

    1. Hanja form? of 반 (“half”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    半: Hán Việt readings: bán (博(bác)漫(mạn)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    半: Nôm readings: bán[1][2][3][4][5][6], bớn[3][4][5][6], bướng[3][7], vắn[1], búng[2], bận[3], ban[3], bướn[5]

    1. chữ Hán form of bán (“half”).
    2. Nôm form of vắn (“short, brief”).
    3. Nôm form of bán (“to sell”).
    4. Nôm form of bớn.

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    7. ^ Hồ (1976).
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