da-
Translingual
editPrefix
editda-
German
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Prefix
editda-
- prefix form of da, meaning there-
Derived terms
editKambera
editPronoun
editda-
- third person plural nominative proclitic
See also
editNavajo
editPrefix
editda-
- (disjunct prefix of position I)
Thematic prefix, referring to death.
► Navajo verbs with disjunct prefix da-. - (disjunct prefix of position III)
Distributive plural marker, indicating that three or more subjects, objects or events are involved individually in the action denoted by the verb. In addition to verbs, it may also pluralize nouns, pronouns or postpositions. This prefix marks the boundary between disjunct (outer) and conjunct (inner) prefixes.
Ojibwe
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editIn Algonquin, this preverb has the form gada- when there is no prefix (gada-maajaa "he/she will leave", giga-maajaa "you will leave"). It is likely that gada- is the original form of this preverb, and the allomorphy between da- and ga- in other dialects is the result of a historical process of syncopation that deleted a metrically weak syllable. With no prefix, the syllable ga was weak and consequently was deleted (*gadá-maajaa > da-maajaa), but when a prefix was added, ga was in a strong position, and so da was deleted instead (*ningáda-maajaa > ninga-maajaa). The form ji- similarly appears as giji- in Algonquin. The initial change form ge- would be from *geda-, where the first syllable would have been strong because it contained a long vowel.
Preverb
editda- (plain conjunct ji- or da-, changed conjunct ge-)
- future tense marker
- wiisiniwag — they eat
- da-wiisiniwag — they will eat
- ninga-wiisin — I will eat
- (some speakers) form of daa- used in the conjunct order
Usage notes
edit- With a personal prefix, the form ga- is used.
- For some speakers, the second-person form giga- contracts to ga-.
- For some speakers, ga- and ge- become gad- and ged- before a vowel.
See also
editReferences
edit- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/da-pv-tns
- Jerry Randolph Valentine (1994 August) Ojibwe Dialect Relationships[1], Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, →OCLC, pages 162-163
Old Irish
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editda- (class B & C infixed pronoun)
Derived terms
editSee also
editSee Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
Person | Infixed | Suffixed | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||
1 sing. | m-L | dom-L, dam-L | -um | |
2 sing. | t-L | dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L | -ut | |
3 sing. m. | a-N, e-N | d-N | id-N, did-N, d-N | -i, -it |
3 sing. f. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
3 sing. n. | a-L, e-L | d-L | id-L, did-L, d-L | -i, -it |
1 pl. | n- | don-, dun-, dan- | -unn | |
2 pl. | b- | dob-, dub-, dab- | -uib | |
3 pl. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others. |
Tsuut'ina
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editda-
References
edit- "Tsuut'ina Linguistics (Video)." Youtube, uploaded by AlbertaUArts, 30 May. 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HICb45tGf-A
West Makian
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editda-
- (inanimate) third-person singular possessive prefix, its
- da pala do bungbangi ― the house's floor
- indicates definiteness
- do gupa ma feberesi ― all of those coconuts
- Da mai magol. ― The stone is large.
- joins stative verbs attributively
- mai da magol ― a large stone
- win da safo ― a hot day
- afi da rata ― level ground
Usage notes
editThe possessive prefix da- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as de-, di-, or do-.
Alternative forms
editSee also
editindependent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editda-
- third-person plural clitic, they
- doco ― they see
- (polite) third-person singular clitic, he, she
- da lagei deiteng ― the old man said
Usage notes
editThe prefix da- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as de-, di-, or do-.
Alternative forms
editReferences
edit- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[2], Pacific linguistics
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual prefixes
- mul:Metrology
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German prefixes
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera pronouns
- Kambera pronominal clitics
- Navajo lemmas
- Navajo prefixes
- Navajo terms with usage examples
- Ojibwe lemmas
- Ojibwe preverbs
- Ojibwe tense/mode preverbs
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish prefixes
- Old Irish personal pronouns
- Tsuut'ina terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tsuut'ina lemmas
- Tsuut'ina prefixes
- Tsuut'ina terms with usage examples
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian pronouns
- West Makian terms with usage examples
- West Makian polite terms