da-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "da"

Translingual

Prefix

da-

(SI prefix, metrology) deca- (“×10¹”); Alternative form of dk- (“deka-”)
Synonyms: D-, Da-, DA-, dk-, Dk-, DK-

Coordinate term: d- (deci-)

German

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Prefix

da-

prefix form of da, meaning there-

Derived terms

Kambera

Pronoun

da-

third person plural nominative proclitic

Navajo

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tɑ̀-/

Etymology 1

Prefix

da-

(disjunct prefix of position I)
Thematic prefix, referring to death.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

daa-

Prefix

da-

(disjunct prefix of position III) Distributive plural marker, indicating that three or more subjects, objects or events are involved individually in the action denoted by the verb. In addition to verbs, it may also pluralize postpositions.
With subjects:
bidziil ― he is / they two are strong

dabidziil ― they (three or more) are strong

With objects:
kin áshłaa ― I built a house

kin ádaashłaa ― I built 3+ houses
Forms the distributive plural of nouns and pronouns equivalent to "many"
daadził ― many mountains

daakǫʼ ― many fires

Usage notes

When applied directly before a nominal or verbal stem, it takes the form daa-.
Before the vowels /i/ and /ii/, this prefix takes the form de-.
This prefix marks the boundary between disjunct (outer) and conjunct (inner) prefixes.

Ojibwe

Alternative forms

gada- (Algonquin)

Etymology

In Algonquin, this preverb has the form gada- when there is no prefix (gada-maajaa "he/she will leave", giga-maajaa "you will leave"). It is likely that gada- is the original form of this preverb, and the allomorphy between da- and ga- in other dialects is the result of a historical process of syncopation that deleted a metrically weak syllable. With no prefix, the syllable ga was weak and consequently was deleted (*gadá-maajaa > da-maajaa), but when a prefix was added, ga was in a strong position, and so da was deleted instead (*ningáda-maajaa > ninga-maajaa). The form ji- similarly appears as giji- in Algonquin. The initial change form ge- would be from *geda-, where the first syllable would have been strong because it contained a long vowel.

Preverb

da- (plain conjunct ji- or da-, changed conjunct ge-)

future tense marker
- wiisiniwag — they eat
- da-wiisiniwag — they will eat
- ninga-wiisin — I will eat
(some speakers) form of daa- used in the conjunct order

Usage notes

With a personal prefix, the form ga- is used.
- For some speakers, the second-person form giga- contracts to ga-.
For some speakers, ga- and ge- become gad- and ged- before a vowel.

References

The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/da-pv-tns
Jerry Randolph Valentine (1994 August) Ojibwe Dialect Relationships‎^[1], Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, →OCLC, pages 162-163

Old Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /da/

Prefix

da- (class B & C infixed pronoun)

her (object pronoun)
them

Derived terms

Old Irish terms prefixed with da-

Tsuut'ina

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ta/

Prefix

da-

question marker
Danit'ada?
How are you?

References

"Tsuut'ina Linguistics (Video)." YouTube, uploaded by AlbertaUArts, 30 May 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HICb45tGf-A

West Makian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d̪a/

Pronoun

da-

(inanimate) third-person singular possessive prefix, its
da pala do bungbangi ― the house's floor
indicates definiteness
do gupa ma feberesi ― all of those coconuts

Da mai magol. ― The stone is large.
joins stative verbs attributively
mai da magol ― a large stone

win da safo ― a hot day

afi da rata ― level ground

Usage notes

The possessive prefix da- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as de-, di-, or do-.

Alternative forms

de-, di-, do-

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d̪a/

Pronoun

da-

third-person plural clitic, they
doco ― they see
(polite) third-person singular clitic, he, she
da lagei deiteng ― the old man said

Usage notes

The prefix da- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as de-, di-, or do-.

Alternative forms

de-, di-, do-

References

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[2], Pacific linguistics

			nominative	genitive	accusative	dative
singular	first person		ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
	second person		mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
	third person		na-	-na	-ya	-nya
plural	first person	inclusive	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
	first person	exclusive	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
	second person		mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
	third person		da-	-da	-ha	-nja

person	infixed			suffixed
See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used. Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
person	class A	class B	class C	suffixed
1 sg	m-^L	dom-^L, dam-^L		-um
2 sg	t-^L	dot-^L, dat-^L, dut-^L, dit-^L		-ut
3 sg m	a-^N, e-^N	d-^N	id-^N, did-^N, d-^N	-i, -it
3 sg f	s-^(N)	da-		-us
3 sg n	a-^L, e-^L	d-^L	id-^L, did-^L, d-^L	-i, -it
1 pl	n-	don-, dun-, dan-		-unn
2 pl	b-	dob-, dub-, dab-		-uib
3 pl	s-^(N)	da-		-us

		independent	possessive prefix
1st person singular		de	ti
2nd person singular		ni	ni
3rd person singular		me	mV^an., dV^inan.
1st person plural	inclusive	ene	nV
1st person plural	exclusive	imi	mi
2nd person plural		ini	fi
3rd person plural		eme	di