-um
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From the homographic case endings of the nominative, accusative, and vocative forms of numerous neuter Latin second declension nouns.
SuffixEdit
-um (plural -a)
- Denotes singular grammatical number.
- (chemistry) Forms the ends of the names of certain elements (such as molybdenum and platinum).
Usage notesEdit
- The vast majority of words which feature this suffix also have standard -ums plurals formed by suffixation with the -s plural suffix. However, in such situations, the -s suffix morphologically is additional to and separate from the -um suffix.
Derived termsEdit
Terms which feature the -um suffix
- criterium
- datum
- decennium
- delirium
- desideratum
- erratum (cf. German Irrtum)
- fatum
- forum
- gymnasium
- honorarium
- imperium
- interbellum (between war(s))
- Persarum
- pessarium
- podium
- postbellum (after war)
- referendum
- sanatorium
- solarium
- stadium
- talcum (any shiny mineral)
- tedium
TranslationsEdit
Latinate singular grammatical number suffix
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Possibly from 'em.
SuffixEdit
-um
- Denotes transitive verbs in the trade pidgins used between English-speakers and indigenous populations; used derogatorily by extension in English by addition to any verb, transitive or not.
- 1871, Mrs. Edward Millett, An Australian parsonage; or, The settler and the savage in Western Australia, p. 129:
- Having finished her return of deaths, she went on to say "Black fellow sick—white lady fowl sendum—white lady kangaroo sendum—master all self eatum—" but here she paused and made an exception in favour of the matron, expressed by the words " Missis not eatum—missis good fellow."
- 1896, F J Stimsom, King Noanett: A Story of Old Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay, p. 254:
- "Givum dinner; smokum pipe," was all that we could get out of Quatchett.
- 1871, Mrs. Edward Millett, An Australian parsonage; or, The settler and the savage in Western Australia, p. 129:
Derived termsEdit
(any sense):
AnagramsEdit
BislamaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-um
- Indicates a transitive verb
Usage notesEdit
The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is u, then the suffix is -um. Otherwise, use -em or -im.
DutchEdit
SuffixEdit
- Denotes singular grammatical number of words of Latin origins.
Usage notesEdit
- Both the plural forms of -a and -ums are used in everyday language, but the latter is sometimes proscribed against.
See alsoEdit
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin -um (“2nd declension neuter nominative singular termination”).
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-um
- A distinguishable foreign word-ending in nouns of Latin origin. It is not considered an independent Hungarian suffix.
- abszurdum (“absurdity”)
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Attila Mártonfi: The System of the Hungarian Suffixes, Theses of PhD Dissertation, Budapest, 2006
IcelandicEdit
SuffixEdit
-um
- Used to form the dative plural of most nouns, all strong adjectives and most pronouns.
- Used to form the first person plural of verbs in the indicative and subjunctive, past and present.
- telja (infinitive) → við teljum (we count or believe) (indicative)
- við teldum subjunctive past tense, i.e., we would believe
- Used to form some adverbs from nouns or adjectives — it is actually a frozen dative
LatinEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-um
- inflection of -us:
Old IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-um (suffixed pronoun)
Derived termsEdit
Category Old Irish words suffixed with -um not found
See alsoEdit
Old Irish affixed pronouns
See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
| Person | Infixed | Suffixed | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class A | Class B | Class C | ||
| 1 sing. | m-L | dom-L, dam-L | -um | |
| 2 sing. | t-L | dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L | -ut | |
| 3 sing. m. | a-N, e-N | d-N | id-N, did-N, d-N | -i, -it |
| 3 sing. f. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
| 3 sing. n. | a-L, e-L | d-L | id-L, did-L, d-L | -i, -it |
| 1 pl. | n- | don-, dun-, dan- | -unn | |
| 2 pl. | b- | dob-, dub-, dab- | -uib | |
| 3 pl. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
| L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others. | ||||
Old NorseEdit
SuffixEdit
-um
- Used to form the dative plural of essentially all nouns and adjectives, as well as most pronouns
- armr → ǫrmum
- Used to denote the 1st person plural forms in the active indicative and imperative forms of most verbs
PhaluraEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-um
- First person singular suffix
Alternative formsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
PijinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-um
- Indicates a transitive verb
Usage notesEdit
The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is u, then the suffix is -um. Otherwise, use -em or -im.
ScotsEdit
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English -um, from Old English -um, dative plural ending used to form adverbials.
SuffixEdit
-um
Etymology 2Edit
Probably of jocular formation, based partly on Latin -um and partly an altered form of -in(g)s, a verbal noun ending.
SuffixEdit
-um
- Added to nouns or verbs to form nouns with diminutive or hypocoristic force
SwedishEdit
SuffixEdit
-um n
- ending used for some words of Latin origin
Usage notesEdit
- The plural is usually either -um or rarely, -a, e.g. centrum or centra. In some words it may also be -er, i.e. centrer, cf. -ium which regularly has a plural on -ier, although sometimes also -ium in colloquial language. The Latin plural ending -a is nowadays proscribed.
Derived termsEdit
Category Swedish words suffixed with -um not found
See alsoEdit
TurkishEdit
SuffixEdit
-um
- First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.
- Conjugation of the verb "to be" for first person singular simple present tense.
Usage notesEdit
- If the noun ends in a vowel, it becomes "-m" (for the possessive suffix)
- It's used only when the word's last vowel is "o" or "u". It may change into "-im", "-ım" and "-üm" according to the last vowel of the word. (possessive suffix)
- If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ".
- It may cause the last vowel of the word to be dropped.
- If the word ends in a vowel, an auxiliary consonant is used ; "y". (for the verb to be)
- It must be used with an apostrophe while using with a proper noun.
VolapükEdit
SuffixEdit
-um
- Used to form the comparative form of adjectives.