Wiktionary

im

See also: Appendix:Variations of "im"

TranslingualEdit

Alternative formsEdit

SymbolEdit

im

  1. (informal) A Roman numeral representing nine hundred ninety-nine (999).

See alsoEdit

AfarEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ím m 

  1. thing

SynonymsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[5], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

AlbanianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Demonstrative pronoun Proto-Albanian *is + (unstressed) 1st sg. pronoun Proto-Albanian *me, from Proto-Indo-European *is and Proto-Indo-European *me.[1][2]

PronounEdit

im m (accusative/dative/ablative tim, genitive (i) tim, nominative, accusative plural e mi, genitive plural (i) të mi, dative/ablative plural të mi)[3][4][5]

  1. my, of mine (possessive pronoun in nominative form, adjectival aspect)[6][7]
    1.1. possessive pronoun placed → after noun, gender of the pronoun agrees with the gender of possessum/noun:
    (Gheg) syn i ẽm (jẽm) ― (one/an) eye of mine (one of my eye)
    1.1.b. definite/singular noun + im m (Gheg: with jẽm m; a compound of prepositive article i + pronoun ẽm m):
    libri im ― the book of mine (my book)
    syri im ― my eye
    (Gheg) syni i ẽm (syni jẽm) ― my eye
    ati im, vëllai im, biri im ― my father, my brother, my son
    1.2.a. indefinite/plural noun + (linking morpheme) të + (pronoun) mi m:
    dy sy të mi ― (two) both of my eyes
    1.2.b. definite/plural noun + (link. morph.) e + mi m:
    librat e mi ― my books (the books of mine)
    sytë e mi ― my (the eyes of mine)
  2. my (possessive pronoun, adjectival aspect)
    2.1. pronoun placed → before noun, pronoun gender agrees with possessum gender, → restricted to kinship terms, family members:
    2.1.a. indefinite/singular noun + im m:
    im gjysh, im atë, im bir ― my grandfather, my father, my son
    Im atë, i dashuri ati im. ― My father, my beloved father.
  3. mine (possessive pronoun, nominal aspect)
    3.1. pronoun stands alone, nominal declension of pronoun, pronoun gender agrees with possessum gender (fem. possessor → masc. possessum → masc. pronoun), im m (my) → imi m (mine):
    Singular: imi ― mine
    (Gheg) i ẽmi (jẽmi) ― (of/the) mine
    Plural: të mitë ― mine
    Ti je imi m. ― You are mine.
    (Gheg) Ti je i m ẽmi m (jẽmi). ― You are (of/the) mine.
    Është imi. ― It is mine.
    (Gheg) Õsht i ẽmi (jẽmi). ― It is (of/the) mine.
DeclensionEdit
  • 1. Possessive pronouns (adjectival)
declension of im
singular plural
masculine feminine masculine feminine
nominative im ime e mi e mia
accusative tim time e mi e mia
genitive/dative/ablative tim sime të mi të mia
  • 2. Possessive pronouns (adjectival)

There are also alternative forms which can be used before the noun (which will be in the indefinite state). These forms are restricted to personal relationships like family members, for example:

  • im vëlla (“my brother”), ime motër (“my sister”)

These forms are limited to singulars.

pre-noun forms of im
masculine feminine
nominative im ime
accusative tim time
dative tim sime
  • 3. Possessive pronouns (nominal)
declension of imi
singular plural
masculine feminine masculine feminine
nominative imi imja të mitë të miat
accusative timin timen të mitë të miat
genitive/dative/ablative timit simes të mive të miave

NounEdit

im m (definite singular imi, definite plural të mitë)[8]

  1. a kinsman; a member of the same clan, tribe or family (kinship, singular)
    Synonyms: afërm, fis, fisnik, kushëri
    Një imi. ― A kinsman (One of mine).
  2. one's (own); kinsfolk; family members (kinship, plural)
    Synonyms: familje, familjarët, farefis, gjini
    A: Kush erdhi? - B: Erdhën të mitë. ― A: Who came? - B: My family came.
  3. a close friend or partner; a beloved and trusted person (sg.+pl., person (or people) connected through relationship (or friendship))
    Synonyms: besnik, dashur, mik, shok
Related termsEdit
  • ime f (“my, of mine”)
  • ma (“me”), më (“id”)
  • mu (“to me”), mua (“id”)

See alsoEdit

Albanian possessive adjectives and pronouns
adjectives pronouns
singular plural singular plural
1st person im ynë imi yni
2nd person yt juaj yti juaji
3rd person m i tij i tyre i tiji i tyri
f i saj i saji
3rd person reflexive i vet i veti

Etymology 2Edit

From imë, a variant of imtë (“tiny, small”).[9]

VerbEdit

im (first-person singular past tense ima, participle imur)

  1. (active, transitive) I crumble, grind, shred, refine
    Synonyms: imtoj, imtësoj, bluaj, thërrmoj, zbërthej
DeclensionEdit
Standard Albanian conjugation of im (active voice)
participle imur
gerund duke imur
infinitive për të imur
singular plural
1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers.
indicative unë ti ai/ajo ne ju ata/ato
present im im im imim imni imin
imperfect imja imje imte imnim imnit imnin
aorist ima ime imi imëm imët imën
perfect kam imur ke imur ka imur kemi imur keni imur kanë imur
past perfect kisha imur kishe imur kishte imur kishim imur kishit imur kishin imur
aorist II pata imur pate imur pati imur patëm imur patët imur patën imur
future1 do të im do të imësh do të imë do të imim do të imni do të imin
future perfect2 do të kem imur do të kesh imur do të ketë imur do të kemi imur do të keni imur do të kenë imur
subjunctive unë ti ai/ajo ne ju ata/ato
present të im të imësh të imë të imim të imni të imin
imperfect të imja të imje të imte të imnim të imnit të imnin
perfect të kem imur të kesh imur të ketë imur të kemi imur të keni imur të kenë imur
past perfect të kisha imur të kishe imur të kishte imur të kishim imur të kishit imur të kishin imur
conditional1, 2 unë ti ai/ajo ne ju ata/ato
imperfect do të imja do të imje do të imte do të imnim do të imnit do të imnin
past perfect do të kisha imur do të kishe imur do të kishte imur do të kishim imur do të kishit imur do të kishin imur
optative unë ti ai/ajo ne ju ata/ato
present imsha imsh imtë imshim imshit imshin
perfect paça imur paç imur pastë imur paçim imur paçit imur paçin imur
admirative unë ti ai/ajo ne ju ata/ato
present imkam imke imka imkemi imkeni imkan
imperfect imkësha imkëshe imkësh imkëshim imkëshit imkëshin
perfect paskam imur paske imur paska imur paskemi imur paskeni imur paskan imur
past perfect paskësha imur paskëshe imur paskësh imur paskëshim imur paskëshit imur paskëshin imur
imperative — ti — — ju —
present — im — — imni —
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect
  • (note: only 3rd person sg/pl passive forms; passive imet (“it is grinding”))
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 241 → personal pronouns §3.2.4.1., from IE *me
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “pronoun im (my)”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
  3. ^ Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 196 → (m.) possessive pronoun im (my) / (f.) poss. pronoun ime (my)
  4. ^ Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 323 → (m.pl) possessive pronoun (e/të) mi (my, (of) mine); (f.pl) poss. pronoun (e/të mia (my, (of) mine)
  5. ^ Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 570 → (m./sg.) dat./abl. possessive pronoun tim (my, of mine); genitive poss. pronoun (i) tim (my, of mine)
  6. ^ Martin Camaj (1984) Albanian grammar : with exercices, chrestomathy and glossaries, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, →ISBN, [[2] → (m.) possessive pronouns im, imi (my (of mine), mine); ime, imja (my (of mine), mine) (see → §134. - §136.: possessive pronouns and declension) page 102-103]
  7. ^ Olga Mišeska Tomić (2006) Balkan Sprachbund, Morpho-syntactic Features, Springer Science & Business Media, The Netherlands, →ISBN, [[3] page 199-201]
  8. ^ [4] 7.) m./sg. noun im/imi; f.sg. noun ime/imja(kinsman, kinswoman) / m./pl. noun (të) mitë; f./pl. noun (të) mijat (kinfolks (m., f.)) • in FJALË, Fjalor Shqip (WORDS, Albanian Dictionary)
  9. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998) Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
Further readingEdit
  • [6] (m.sg.) poss. pronoun im (my) • Fjalori Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
  • [7] (m.pl.) poss. pronoun (e) mi (my) • Fjalori Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
  • [8] (f.sg.) poss. pronoun ime (my) • Fjalori Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
  • [9] (f.pl.) poss. pronoun (e) mia (my) • Fjalori Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

DegenanEdit

NounEdit

im

  1. water

Further readingEdit

Dupaningan AgtaEdit

ConjunctionEdit

im

  1. but
  2. than (comparative marker)

GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Contraction.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ɪm/
  • audio(file)

ContractionEdit

im

  1. Contraction of in dem; in the

Usage notesEdit

  • The contraction im is obligatory when the definite article has no deixis whatsoever. In this case it is ungrammatical to use in dem as separate words:
Wir sitzen im Garten. ― We're sitting in the garden.
Er arbeitet im technischen Bereich. ― He works in the technical field.
  • On the other hand, im is usually not applicable when the definite article has an indicative function. This includes contexts in which English would use a demonstrative pronoun (“this” or “that”) but also some others. Particularly, in dem is used before a defining relative clause.
In dem Haus haben wir mal gewohnt. ― We used to live in that house [over there].
Mein Großvater starb in dem Haus, wo ich geboren wurde. ― My grandfather died in the house where I was born.

DeclensionEdit

The preposition in can be used with both accusative and dative objects, but it only contracts with dem as im and with das as ins. Thus, the combination of in with the definite article has the following forms:

masculine neuter feminine plural
accusative in den ins in die in die
dative im im in der in den

GothicEdit

RomanizationEdit

im

  1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌼

IrishEdit

FWOTD – 27 January 2013

Etymology 1Edit

 
im

From Old Irish imb, from Proto-Celtic *amben (compare Welsh ymenyn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷen- (compare Latin unguen (“grease”), Old High German ancho (“butter”)).[1]

 
Irish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ga

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

im m (genitive singular ime, nominative plural imeanna)

  1. butter
DeclensionEdit
Declension of im

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative im imeanna
Vocative a im a imeanna
Genitive ime imeanna
Dative im imeanna

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an t-im na himeanna
Genitive an ime na n-imeanna
Dative leis an im

don im

leis na himeanna
Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

ContractionEdit

im (triggers lenition)

  1. (Munster) Contraction of i mo (“in my”).
    Chuireas an peann im phóca.
    I put the pen in my pocket.
Related termsEdit
Irish preposition contractions
Basic form Contracted with Copular forms
an (“the sg”) na (“the pl”) mo (“my”) do (“your”) a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) ár (“our”) ar (“which (past)”) (before consonant) (present/future before vowel) (past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”) den de na
desna*		 de mo
dem*		 de do
ded*, det*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
do (“to, for”) don do na
dosna*		 do mo
dom*		 do do
dod*, dot*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
faoi (“under, about”) faoin faoi na faoi mo faoi do faoina faoinár faoinar faoinarb faoinarbh
i (“in”) sa, san sna i mo
im*		 i do
id*, it*		 ina inár inar inarb inarbh
le (“with”) leis an leis na le mo
lem*		 le do
led*, let*		 lena lenár lenar lenarb lenarbh
ó (“from, since”) ón ó na
ósna*		 ó mo
óm*		 ó do
ód*, ót*		 óna ónár ónar ónarb ónarbh
trí (“through”) tríd an trí na trí mo trí do trína trínár trínar trínarb trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Etymology 3Edit

PrepositionEdit

im (plus dative, triggers lenition, does not mutate b, m, or p)

  1. Alternative form of um

MutationEdit

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
im n-im him t-im
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*amben-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 69

Iu MienEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔim (“bitter”). Cognate with White Hmong iab and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] anb.

AdjectiveEdit

im 

  1. bitter

Jamaican CreoleEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From English him.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈim/
  • Hyphenation: im

PronounEdit

im

  1. he
    • 2005, Kamau Brathwaite, The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770-1820 (in English), →ISBN, page 239:
      “An im seh, Yu nyaam me peas today? Him seh, nuo ma, me no eat non. […] ”
      And he said, did you eat my peas today? He said, no ma, I didn't eat them. […]
    Mek im tek weh himself. ― He needs to go away.
  2. him
    • 1984, Laura Tanna, Jamaican Folk Tales and Oral Histories, →ISBN, page 11:
      “What de poor Bug do? Tek im pon im back an him travel, an him travel, an im travel. […] ”
      What did poor Bug do? He let him go on his back and he travelled on and on. […]
    Shi sen' im a letter wah day. ― She sent him a letter recently.
  3. his
    • 1984, Laura Tanna, Jamaican Folk Tales and Oral Histories, →ISBN, page 11:
      “What de poor Bug do? Tek im pon im back an him travel, an him travel, an im travel. […] ”
      What did poor Bug do? He let him go on his back and he travelled on and on. […]
    Den im res' im han' pan di bench. ― Then he rested his hand on the bench.
  4. her[1]
    'Im frack look good. ― Her dress looks good.
  5. she[2]
    Tanya deh yah? — Yeah, man. Im deh yah. ― Is Tanya here? — Yes, she's here.

Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Richard Allsopp, editor, Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 1996 (2003 printing), →ISBN, page 292
  2. ^ Richard Allsopp, editor, Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 1996 (2003 printing), →ISBN, page 292

Further readingEdit

  • im – jamaicans.com Jamaican Patois dictionary

LivonianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • i'm

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *imeh.

NounEdit

im

  1. miracle

MarshalleseEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Alternative formsEdit

ConjunctionEdit

im

  1. and

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

im

  1. a skirmish
  2. a bout
  3. a brawl
  4. a duel
  5. a riot
  6. a hassle

ReferencesEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

PronounEdit

im

  1. Alternative form of him (“him”)

NalcaEdit

NounEdit

im

  1. sky
  2. heaven

Derived termsEdit

Nigerian PidginEdit

EtymologyEdit

From English him.

PronounEdit

im

  1. he
  2. his
  3. she
  4. it

Northern KurdishEdit

VerbEdit

im

  1. first-person singular present indicative of bûn.
    Synonym: me

Old IrishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Univerbation of hi (“in”) +‎ mo (“my”)

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

im

  1. in my
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c23
      co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu
      so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] mouth and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

Old SaxonEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

PronounEdit

im

  1. dative of sia: them

DeclensionEdit

Old Saxon personal pronouns
Personal pronouns
Singular 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative ik thū hē siu it
Accusative mī, me, mik thī, thik ina sia
Dative mī thī imu iru it
Genitive mīn thīn is ira is
Dual 1. 2. - - -
Nominative wit git - - -
Accusative unk ink - - -
Dative
Genitive unkero

inker, inka

- - -
Plural 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative wī, we gī, ge sia sia siu
Accusative ūs, unsik eu, iu, iuu
Dative ūs im
Genitive ūser euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera iro

DescendantsEdit

  • Middle Low German: one, gim, jum

PnarEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Khasian *ʔim. Cognate with Khasi im and Proto-Palaungic *ʔiːm (“alive, raw”) (whence Riang [Sak] ʔiːm¹ and Blang [La Gang] ʔɪ́m).

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

im

  1. to live

PolishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronounEdit

im

  1. dative of oni
    Ktoś musiał im powiedzieć. ― Someone must have told them.
  2. dative of one

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

ConjunctionEdit

im

  1. Introduces a parallel, conditional or comparative statement, placed before the thing being compared to.
    im więcej..., tym mniej... ― the more ..., the less ...
    Im większy głód, tym lepiej smakuje. ― The greater the hunger, the better [the food] tastes.

Further readingEdit

  • im in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • im in Polish dictionaries at PWN

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin līmus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“to smear”).

NounEdit

im n (plural imuri)

  1. (uncommon, regional) mud, dirt, filth

DeclensionEdit

Declension of im
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) im imul (niște) imuri imurile
genitive/dative (unui) im imului (unor) imuri imurilor
vocative imule imurilor

SynonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

ScotsEdit

PronounEdit

im

  1. (South Scots, personal) him

VerbEdit

im

  1. (South Scots) First person singular simple present form of ti be

See alsoEdit

Serbo-CroatianEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

im (Cyrillic spelling им)

  1. to them (clitic dative plural of ȏn (“he”))
  2. to them (clitic dative plural of òno (“it”))
  3. to them (clitic dative plural of òna (“she”))
  4. (clitic, emphatic, possessive, dative) their, of theirs
    Gdje im je auto?
    Where is their car?

DeclensionEdit

    Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
nominative ȏn òna òno òni òne òna
genitive njȅga, ga njȇ, je njȅga, ga njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
dative njȅmu, mu njȏj, joj njȅmu, mu njȉma, im njȉma, im njȉma, im
accusative njȅga, ga, nj njȗ, ju, je njȅga, ga, nj njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
vocative — — — — — —
locative njȅm, njȅmu njȏj njȅm, njȅmu njȉma njȉma njȉma
instrumental njȋm, njíme njȏm, njóme njȋm, njíme njȉma njȉma njȉma

SumerianEdit

RomanizationEdit

im

  1. Romanization of 𒅎 (im)
  2. Romanization of 𒉎 (im)

VietnameseEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

im • (㛪, 厭, 奄, 庵, 淹)

  1. calm; silent; quiet; not talking anymore

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

AnagramsEdit

WelshEdit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

im

  1. (literary) first-person singular of i
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