남
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| 나낙낚낛난낝낞 낟날낡낢낣낤낥 낦낧남납낪낫났 낭낮낯낰낱낲낳 | |
| 끼 ← | → 내 |
|---|---|
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆷ〮 (Yale: nóm).
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠m]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [남]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | nam |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nam |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nam |
| Yale Romanization? | nam |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 남의 / 남에 / 남까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.
NounEdit
남 • (nam)
- other person, other people; someone other than the self
- Antonym: 나 (na, “I; me”)
- stranger, someone one does not know
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Sino-Korean word from 男 (“man”), from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nàm).
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠m]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [남]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | nam |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nam |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nam |
| Yale Romanization? | nam |
NounEdit
- (formal) man, male
- Coordinate term: 여(女) (yeo, “woman; female”)
- Short for 남작(男爵) (namjak, “baron”).
- son; used only when counting the number of children
Usage notesEdit
Korean has a number of words equivalent to English "man" and "woman".
- Sino-Korean 남자 (男子, namja, “boy; guy; man”) and 여자 (女子, yeoja, “girl; woman”) are the most common words, but can have a somewhat informal connotation.
- Sino-Korean 남성 (男性, namseong, “male; men”) and 여성 (女性, yeoseong, “female; women”) refer to men and women as groups—though pluralized 남자들 (namja-deul, “the boys; the guys; the men”) and 여자들 (yeoja-deul, “the girls; the women”) is informally more common for this purpose—or to individual adult men and women in formal or polite contexts.
- Sino-Korean 여인 (女人, yeoin, “woman”) is literary. There is no male counterpart.
- The bare Sino-Korean morphemes 남 (男, nam, “male”) and 여 (女, yeo, “female”) is generally used in formal contexts, especially when referring to each gender as a collective but also for male or female individuals in more legalistic contexts. They are commonly written in hanja even when the rest of the text is in pure Hangul script.
- Native 사내 (sanae, “man”) and 계집 (gyejip, “woman”) are not as commonly used. 사내 (sanae) often has a connotation of machismo or manliness, while 계집 (gyejip) has become offensive and derogatory.
Note that in Early Modern Korean (1600—c. 1900) and in contemporary Standard North Korean, Sino-Korean 여 (女, yeo, “female”) is written and pronounced 녀 (nyeo), hence 녀자 (女子, nyeoja), 녀성 (女性, nyeoseong), 녀인 (女人, nyeoin).
See alsoEdit
PrefixEdit
SuffixEdit
- man (who is characterized by this)
Derived termsEdit
- See the hanja entry at 男 for Sino-Korean compounds of 남 (男, nam).
Etymology 3Edit
Sino-Korean word from 南 (“south”), from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nàm).
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠m]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [남]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | nam |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nam |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nam |
| Yale Romanization? | nam |
NounEdit
Coordinate termsEdit
(compass points)
| 서북(西北) (seobuk) 북서(北西) (bukseo) |
북(北) (buk) | 동북(東北) (dongbuk) 북동(北東) (bukdong) |
| 서(西) (seo) | 
|
동(東) (dong) |
| 서남(西南) (seonam) 남서(南西) (namseo) |
남(南) (nam) | 동남(東南) (dongnam) 남동(南東) (namdong) |
Derived termsEdit
- See the hanja entry at 南 for Sino-Korean compounds of 남 (南, nam).
Proper nounEdit
Usage notesEdit
In news headlines, this is usually written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.
Etymology 4Edit
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nam).
SyllableEdit
남 (nam)
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Etymology 5Edit
Modern South Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound, which was also true of most dialects (both North and South) in 1945. From Middle Korean 람 (Yale: lam); when preceded by another character in a compound, they retain the original 람 (ram) form.
In the North Korean standard, they are always read as 람 (ram), but this is an artificial imposition intended to standardize Sino-Korean readings, which did not reflect any major dialect's pronunciation in 1945.
SyllableEdit
남 (nam)
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