남
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| 나낙낚낛난낝낞 낟날낡낢낣낤낥 낦낧남납낪낫났 낭낮낯낰낱낲낳 | |
| 끼 ← | → 내 |
|---|---|
Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆷ〮 (Yale: nóm).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠m]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [남]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | nam |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nam |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nam |
| Yale Romanization? | nam |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 남의 / 남에 / 남까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.
Noun edit
남 • (nam)
- other person, other people; someone other than the self
- Antonym: 나 (na, “I; me”)
- stranger, someone one does not know
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Sino-Korean word from 男 (“man”), from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nàm).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠m]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [남]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | nam |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nam |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nam |
| Yale Romanization? | nam |
Noun edit
- (formal) man, male
- Coordinate term: 여(女) (yeo, “woman; female”)
- Short for 남작(男爵) (namjak, “baron”).
- son; used only when counting the number of children
Usage notes edit
Korean has a number of words equivalent to English "man" and "woman".
- Sino-Korean 남자 (男子, namja, “boy; guy; man”) and 여자 (女子, yeoja, “girl; woman”) are the most common words, but can have a somewhat informal connotation.
- Sino-Korean 남성 (男性, namseong, “male; men”) and 여성 (女性, yeoseong, “female; women”) refer to men and women as groups—though pluralized 남자들 (namja-deul, “the boys; the guys; the men”) and 여자들 (yeoja-deul, “the girls; the women”) is informally more common for this purpose—or to individual adult men and women in formal or polite contexts.
- Sino-Korean 여인 (女人, yeoin, “woman”) is literary. There is no male counterpart.
- The bare Sino-Korean morphemes 남 (男, nam, “male”) and 여 (女, yeo, “female”) is generally used in formal contexts, especially when referring to each gender as a collective but also for male or female individuals in more legalistic contexts. They are commonly written in hanja even when the rest of the text is in pure Hangul script.
- Native 사내 (sanae, “man”) and 계집 (gyejip, “woman”) are not as commonly used. 사내 (sanae) often has a connotation of machismo or manliness, while 계집 (gyejip) has become offensive and derogatory.
Note that in Early Modern Korean (1600—c. 1900) and in contemporary Standard North Korean, Sino-Korean 여 (女, yeo, “female”) is written and pronounced 녀 (nyeo), hence 녀자 (女子, nyeoja), 녀성 (女性, nyeoseong), 녀인 (女人, nyeoin).
See also edit
Prefix edit
Suffix edit
- man (who is characterized by this)
Derived terms edit
- See the hanja entry at 男 for Sino-Korean compounds of 남 (男, nam).
Etymology 3 edit
Sino-Korean word from 南 (“south”), from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nàm).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠m]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [남]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | nam |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nam |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nam |
| Yale Romanization? | nam |
Noun edit
Coordinate terms edit
(compass points)
| 서북(西北) (seobuk) 북서(北西) (bukseo) |
북(北) (buk) | 동북(東北) (dongbuk) 북동(北東) (bukdong) |
| 서(西) (seo) | 
|
동(東) (dong) |
| 서남(西南) (seonam) 남서(南西) (namseo) |
남(南) (nam) | 동남(東南) (dongnam) 남동(南東) (namdong) |
Derived terms edit
- See the hanja entry at 南 for Sino-Korean compounds of 남 (南, nam).
Proper noun edit
Usage notes edit
In news headlines, this is usually written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.
Etymology 4 edit
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nam).
Syllable edit
남 (nam)
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Etymology 5 edit
Modern South Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound, which was also true of most dialects (both North and South) in 1945. From Middle Korean 람 (Yale: lam); when preceded by another character in a compound, they retain the original 람 (ram) form.
In the North Korean standard, they are always read as 람 (ram), but this is an artificial imposition intended to standardize Sino-Korean readings, which did not reflect any major dialect's pronunciation in 1945.
Syllable edit
남 (nam)
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