Wiktionary

ma-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ma"

BasqueEdit

EtymologyEdit

Probably related to m-.

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Non-productive prefix without a specific meaning.

Usage notesEdit

In words where this prefix can be found, it takes the place of the first syllable of the original word, usually with no change in meaning (compare udare and madari, both meaning "pear"). It is likely that originally this was an expressive prefix, and that many Basque words starting with ma- contain this prefix, with the original word having been lost.

ReferencesEdit

  • “ma-” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Bikol CentralEdit

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Used to form adjectives indicating a quality
    ‎ma- + ‎linig (“to clean”) → ‎malinig (“clean”)
  2. Object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix
    ‎ma- + ‎dumog (“wet”) → ‎madumog (“to become wet”)
  3. Object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something
    ‎ma- + ‎tapos (“finish”) → ‎matapos (“to be able to finish something”)
    Natapos kong basahon an libro kasubanggi. ― I was able to finish reading the book last night.
  4. Object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally
    ‎ma- + ‎pasa (“broken, break”) → ‎mapasa (“to break something unintentionally”)
    Napasa ko an salming. ― I unintentionally broke the mirror. Compare it when used with the suffix -on:
    pasa (“broken, break”) + -on → pasaon (“to break something on purpose”)
    Pinasa ko an salming. ― I broke the mirror on purpose.
  5. to form the future tense of the verb.

CebuanoEdit

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. added to verbs and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “able to be done; fit to be done”

HausaEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate to the set of prefixes found in Arabic: مُ‎ (mu) for agentive participles, مَ‎ (ma) for locatives, and مِ‎ (mi) for instrumentals.

PronunciationEdit

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Used to form agentive nouns.
  2. Used to form nouns of place (locative nouns).
  3. Used to form instrumental nouns.

Usage notesEdit

Each prefix forms a different template to which the noun must conform:

  • Agentive nouns end in -ī in the masculine singular, -ìyā in the feminine singular, and -ā in the plural, and the root has low tone in the masculine and plural, but high tone in the feminine.
  • Locative nouns end in -ā and are feminine, or uncommonly in -ī and are masculine, with all high tone in either case. There is rarely a plural form.
  • Instrumental nouns end in -ī and are masculine, with plurals in -ai. The tones of the singular form are all high, and in the plural the tones are all low except for the plural morpheme.

Derived termsEdit

Hausa terms prefixed with ma- (agentive)
Hausa terms prefixed with ma- (locative)
Hausa terms prefixed with ma- (instrumental)

KamberaEdit

PronounEdit

ma-

  1. first person plural exclusive nominative proclitic

See alsoEdit

Kambera pronominal clitics
Nominative Genitive Accusative Dative
1sg ku- -nggu -ka -ngga
2sg mu- (u-) -mu -kau -nggau
3sg na- -na -ya -nya
1pl.incl ta- -nda -ta -nda
1pl.excl ma- -ma -kama -nggama
2pl mi- (i-) -mi -kami (-kai) -nggami (-nggai)
3pl da- -da -ha -nja

MaoriEdit

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Adjective prefix

Northern SothoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *mà-.

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Class 6 noun prefix.

Old JavaneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. active verb

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Old Javanese terms prefixed with ma-

PitjantjatjaraEdit

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. away (prefixed to verbs)

Usage notesEdit

  • The hyphen is normally kept, for example, ma-pitjanyi.
  • Although ma- is spelt with a short a, the vowel is actually long (maa-). The misleading spelling exists for historical reasons.

ShonaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *mà-.

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Class 6 noun prefix.

SothoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *mà-.

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Class 6 noun prefix.

SwahiliEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *mà-.

PronunciationEdit

  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. The prefix for noun class 6 denoting liquids.
    1. Regularly forms the plurals of noun class 5.
    2. Irregularly forms the plurals of other classes, including select vocabulary in noun class 9 and noun class 14.

See alsoEdit

TagalogEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-, from Proto-Austronesian *ma-. Compare may (existential marker).

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Used to form adjectives indicating a quality
    ‎ma- + ‎linis (“cleanliness”) → ‎malinis (“clean”)
  2. Actor III trigger infinitive verb prefix
    ‎ma- + ‎ligo (“bath”) → ‎maligo (“to take a bath; to bathe”)
  3. Object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix
    ‎ma- + ‎basa (“wet”) → ‎mabasa (“to become wet”)
  4. Object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something
    ‎ma- + ‎tapos (“finish”) → ‎matapos (“to be able to finish something”)
    Natapos kong basahin ang libro kagabi. ― I was able to finish reading the book last night.
  5. Object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally
    ‎ma- + ‎basag (“break, crack”) → ‎mabasag (“to break something unintentionally”)
    Nabasag ko ang salamin. ― I unintentionally broke the mirror. Compare it when used with the suffix -in:
    basag (“break, crack”) + -in → basagin (“to break something on purpose”)
    Binasag ko ang salamin. ― I broke the mirror on purpose.

Derived termsEdit

Tagalog terms prefixed with ma-

TausugEdit

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Used to form adjectives and adverbs; characterized by; abundant in

Derived termsEdit

Tausug terms prefixed with ma-

TernateEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronounEdit

ma- (Jawi م-‎)

  1. (non-human) third-person singular and plural possessive prefix, its, their
  2. indicates definiteness
    haka ngori maobo ― give me the bone (literally, “give me its bone”)
    mangofa hotu ― the child sleeps (literally, “its child sleeps”)

See alsoEdit

Ternate personal pronouns
independent subject proclitic possessive
Informal Formal
1st person singular ngori fangarem, fajaruf to ri
2nd person singular ngana ngoni, jou ngoni no ni
3rd person singular unam, minaf om, mof, inh im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive ngone fo na, nga
1st person plural exclusive ngomi fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 mi mi, mia
2nd person plural ngoni ni na, nia
3rd person plural anah, enanh ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † nah, ngah, manh
  • unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
  • m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
  • 1 - for mixed-gender groups
  • † - archaic

Etymology 2Edit

PrefixEdit

ma- (Jawi م-)

  1. marks certain verbal aspects
    1. indicates prolonged duration
    2. indicates repeated action
      ‎ma- + ‎kokehe (“to cough”) → ‎makokehe (“to cough repeatedly”)
    3. indicates habitual action
    4. indicates an action undertaken by multiple subjects

Etymology 3Edit

PrefixEdit

ma- (Jawi م-)

  1. reflexive
    ‎ma- + ‎doto (“to teach”) → ‎madoto (“to learn”)
    ‎ma- + ‎hodo (“to pour”) → ‎mahodo (“to bathe”)
    ‎ma- + ‎ngadi (“to clothe (another)”) → ‎mangadi (“to put on clothes, to don”)

ReferencesEdit

  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

TsongaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *mà-.

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Class 6 noun prefix.

TswanaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *mà-.

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Class 6 noun prefix.

VendaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *mà-.

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Class 6 noun prefix.

West MakianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. a prefix of unclear meaning
    ‎ma- + ‎gei (“to be dead”) → ‎magei (“to die”)
    ‎ma- + ‎dadi (“to become”) → ‎madadi (“to be, exist”)
Usage notesEdit

The prefix ma- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.

Alternative formsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ma-

  1. first-person plural inclusive clitic, we
    moco ― we see
Usage notesEdit

The prefix ma- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.

Alternative formsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ma-

  1. (animate) third-person singular clitic for stative verbs, it
    madadi sangaji ― he became a chief
    di oma ma makaku i ― their child is still small
Usage notesEdit

This clitic is only for stative verbs and does not undergo vowel harmony.

Etymology 4Edit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ma-

  1. (animate) third-person singular possessive prefix, his, hers, that person's, that being's
Usage notesEdit

The possessive prefix ma- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.

Alternative formsEdit

See alsoEdit

West Makian personal pronouns
independent possessive prefix
1st person singular de ti
2nd person singular ni ni
3rd person singular me mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural inclusive ene nV
1st person plural exclusive imi mi
2nd person plural ini fi
3rd person plural eme di

Etymology 5Edit

PronunciationEdit

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. forms adverbial numerals
    ‎ma- + ‎minye (“one”) → ‎maminye (“once”)
    ‎ma- + ‎unge (“three”) → ‎maunge (“thrice”)

ReferencesEdit

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[1], Pacific linguistics

XhosaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From a clipping of makhe (“hortative marker”).

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. let, may; gives a verb a hortative force.
    Masihambe!
    Let's go!

Usage notesEdit

The prefix is attached to the subjunctive form of the verb, before the subject concord.

ZuluEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Bantu *mà-.

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. Class 6 simple noun prefix.

Etymology 2Edit

From a clipping of make (“hortative marker”).

PrefixEdit

ma-

  1. let, may; gives a verb a hortative force.
    Masihambe!
    Let's go!
Usage notesEdit

The prefix is attached to the subjunctive form of the verb, before the subject concord.

Alternative formsEdit

ReferencesEdit

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