ma-
BasqueEdit
EtymologyEdit
Probably related to m-.
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Non-productive prefix without a specific meaning.
Usage notesEdit
In words where this prefix can be found, it takes the place of the first syllable of the original word, usually with no change in meaning (compare udare and madari, both meaning "pear"). It is likely that originally this was an expressive prefix, and that many Basque words starting with ma- contain this prefix, with the original word having been lost.
ReferencesEdit
- “ma-” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Bikol CentralEdit
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Used to form adjectives indicating a quality
- Object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix
- Object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something
- Object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally
- to form the future tense of the verb.
CebuanoEdit
PrefixEdit
ma-
- added to verbs and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “able to be done; fit to be done”
HausaEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate to the set of prefixes found in Arabic: مُ (mu) for agentive participles, مَ (ma) for locatives, and مِ (mi) for instrumentals.
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Used to form agentive nouns.
- Used to form nouns of place (locative nouns).
- Used to form instrumental nouns.
Usage notesEdit
Each prefix forms a different template to which the noun must conform:
- Agentive nouns end in -ī in the masculine singular, -ìyā in the feminine singular, and -ā in the plural, and the root has low tone in the masculine and plural, but high tone in the feminine.
- Locative nouns end in -ā and are feminine, or uncommonly in -ī and are masculine, with all high tone in either case. There is rarely a plural form.
- Instrumental nouns end in -ī and are masculine, with plurals in -ai. The tones of the singular form are all high, and in the plural the tones are all low except for the plural morpheme.
Derived termsEdit
KamberaEdit
PronounEdit
ma-
- first person plural exclusive nominative proclitic
See alsoEdit
MaoriEdit
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Adjective prefix
Northern SothoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
Old JavaneseEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PrefixEdit
ma-
- active verb
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
PitjantjatjaraEdit
PrefixEdit
ma-
- away (prefixed to verbs)
Usage notesEdit
- The hyphen is normally kept, for example, ma-pitjanyi.
- Although ma- is spelt with a short a, the vowel is actually long (maa-). The misleading spelling exists for historical reasons.
ShonaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
SothoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
SwahiliEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
PrefixEdit
ma-
- The prefix for noun class 6 denoting liquids.
- Regularly forms the plurals of noun class 5.
- Irregularly forms the plurals of other classes, including select vocabulary in noun class 9 and noun class 14.
See alsoEdit
TagalogEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-, from Proto-Austronesian *ma-. Compare may (existential marker).
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Used to form adjectives indicating a quality
- Actor III trigger infinitive verb prefix
- Object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix
- Object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something
- Object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally
Derived termsEdit
TausugEdit
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Used to form adjectives and adverbs; characterized by; abundant in
Derived termsEdit
TernateEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronounEdit
ma- (Jawi م-)
- (non-human) third-person singular and plural possessive prefix, its, their
- indicates definiteness
- haka ngori maobo ― give me the bone (literally, “give me its bone”)
- mangofa hotu ― the child sleeps (literally, “its child sleeps”)
See alsoEdit
independent | subject proclitic | possessive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Informal | Formal | |||||
1st person singular | ngori | fangarem, fajaruf | to | ri | ||
2nd person singular | ngana | ngoni, jou ngoni | no | ni | ||
3rd person singular | unam, minaf | om, mof, inh | im, mif, manh | |||
1st person plural inclusive | ngone | fo | na, nga | |||
1st person plural exclusive | ngomi | fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 | mi | mi, mia | ||
2nd person plural | ngoni | ni | na, nia | |||
3rd person plural | anah, enanh | ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † | nah, ngah, manh |
- unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
- m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
- 1 - for mixed-gender groups
- † - archaic
Etymology 2Edit
PrefixEdit
ma- (Jawi م-)
- marks certain verbal aspects
Etymology 3Edit
PrefixEdit
ma- (Jawi م-)
- reflexive
ReferencesEdit
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
TsongaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
TswanaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
VendaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Class 6 noun prefix.
West MakianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ma-
- a prefix of unclear meaning
Usage notesEdit
The prefix ma- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ma-
- first-person plural inclusive clitic, we
- moco ― we see
Usage notesEdit
The prefix ma- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ma-
- (animate) third-person singular clitic for stative verbs, it
- madadi sangaji ― he became a chief
- di oma ma makaku i ― their child is still small
Usage notesEdit
This clitic is only for stative verbs and does not undergo vowel harmony.
Etymology 4Edit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ma-
Usage notesEdit
The possessive prefix ma- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me-, mi-, or mo-.
Alternative formsEdit
See alsoEdit
independent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
Etymology 5Edit
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ma-
- forms adverbial numerals
ReferencesEdit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics
XhosaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From a clipping of makhe (“hortative marker”).
PrefixEdit
ma-
Usage notesEdit
The prefix is attached to the subjunctive form of the verb, before the subject concord.
ZuluEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mà-.
PrefixEdit
ma-
- Class 6 simple noun prefix.
Etymology 2Edit
From a clipping of make (“hortative marker”).
PrefixEdit
ma-
Usage notesEdit
The prefix is attached to the subjunctive form of the verb, before the subject concord.
Alternative formsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ma-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ma-”