im
Translingual edit
Alternative forms edit
Symbol edit
im
- (informal) A Roman numeral representing nine hundred ninety-nine (999).
See also edit
- Previous: iim (nine hundred and ninety-eight, 998)
- Next: m (one thousand, 1000)
English edit
Adjective edit
im (not comparable)
- (medicine) Initialism of intramuscular.
- 1999, Carrie J. Bagatell, William J. Bremmer, “Androgen and Estrogen Effects on Plasma Lipids in Men”, in Leonard Share, editor, Hormones and the Heart in Health and Disease (Contemporary Endocrinology; 21), Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, →ISBN, page 237:
- In the past few years, T patches have also been released for prescription usage. Both scrotally applied and nonscrotally applied vehicles are available. These forms of delivery offer more constant T levels and avoid the inconvenience of im injection.
Afar edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ím m
Synonyms edit
References edit
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[5], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Albanian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
Demonstrative pronoun Proto-Albanian *is + (unstressed) 1st sg. pronoun Proto-Albanian *me, from Proto-Indo-European *is and Proto-Indo-European *me.[1][2]
Pronoun edit
im m (accusative/dative/ablative tim, genitive (i) tim, nominative, accusative plural e mi, genitive plural (i) të mi, dative/ablative plural të mi)[3][4][5]
- my, of mine (possessive pronoun in nominative form, adjectival aspect)[6][7]
- 1.1. possessive pronoun placed → after noun, gender of the pronoun agrees with the gender of possessum/noun:
- (Gheg) syn i ẽm (jẽm) ― (one/an) eye of mine (one of my eye)
- 1.1.b. definite/singular noun + im m (Gheg: with jẽm m; a compound of prepositive article i + pronoun ẽm m):
- libri im ― the book of mine (my book)
- syri im ― my eye
- (Gheg) syni i ẽm (syni jẽm) ― my eye
- ati im, vëllai im, biri im ― my father, my brother, my son
- 1.2.a. indefinite/plural noun + (linking morpheme) të + (pronoun) mi m:
- dy sy të mi ― (two) both of my eyes
- 1.2.b. definite/plural noun + (link. morph.) e + mi m:
- librat e mi ― my books (the books of mine)
- sytë e mi ― my (the eyes of mine)
- my (possessive pronoun, adjectival aspect)
- 2.1. pronoun placed → before noun, pronoun gender agrees with possessum gender, → restricted to kinship terms, family members:
- 2.1.a. indefinite/singular noun + im m:
- im gjysh, im atë, im bir ― my grandfather, my father, my son
- Im atë, i dashuri ati im. ― My father, my beloved father.
- mine (possessive pronoun, nominal aspect)
- 3.1. pronoun stands alone, nominal declension of pronoun, pronoun gender agrees with possessum gender (fem. possessor → masc. possessum → masc. pronoun), im m (my) → imi m (mine):
- Singular: imi ― mine
- (Gheg) i ẽmi (jẽmi) ― (of/the) mine
- Plural: të mitë ― mine
- Ti je imi m. ― You are mine.
- (Gheg) Ti je i m ẽmi m (jẽmi). ― You are (of/the) mine.
- Është imi. ― It is mine.
- (Gheg) Õsht i ẽmi (jẽmi). ― It is (of/the) mine.
Declension edit
- 1. Possessive pronouns (adjectival)
- 2. Possessive pronouns (adjectival)
There are also alternative forms which can be used before the noun (which will be in the indefinite state). These forms are restricted to personal relationships like family members, for example:
- im vëlla (“my brother”), ime motër (“my sister”)
These forms are limited to singulars.
- 3. Possessive pronouns (nominal)
Noun edit
im m (definite imi, definite plural të mitë)[8]
- a kinsman; a member of the same clan, tribe or family (kinship, singular)
- one's (own); kinsfolk; family members (kinship, plural)
- Synonyms: familje, familjarët, farefis, gjini
- A: Kush erdhi? - B: Erdhën të mitë. ― A: Who came? - B: My family came.
- a close friend or partner; a beloved and trusted person (sg.+pl., person (or people) connected through relationship (or friendship))
Related terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From imë, a variant of imtë (“tiny, small”).[9]
Verb edit
im (aorist ima, participle imur)
- (active voice, transitive) to crumble, grind, shred, refine
Declension edit
Show compound tenses:
participle | imur | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | duke imur | ||||||
infinitive | për të imur | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st pers. | 2nd pers. | 3rd pers. | 1st pers. | 2nd pers. | 3rd pers. | ||
indicative | present | im | im | im | imim | imni | imin |
imperfect | imja | imje | imte | imnim | imnit | imnin | |
aorist | ima | ime | imi | imëm | imët | imën | |
perfect | kam imur | ke imur | ka imur | kemi imur | keni imur | kanë imur | |
past perfect | kisha imur | kishe imur | kishte imur | kishim imur | kishit imur | kishin imur | |
aorist II | pata imur | pate imur | pati imur | patëm imur | patët imur | patën imur | |
future1 | do të im | do të imësh | do të imë | do të imim | do të imni | do të imin | |
future perfect2 | do të kem imur | do të kesh imur | do të ketë imur | do të kemi imur | do të keni imur | do të kenë imur | |
subjunctive | present | të im | të imësh | të imë | të imim | të imni | të imin |
imperfect | të imja | të imje | të imte | të imnim | të imnit | të imnin | |
perfect | të kem imur | të kesh imur | të ketë imur | të kemi imur | të keni imur | të kenë imur | |
past perfect | të kisha imur | të kishe imur | të kishte imur | të kishim imur | të kishit imur | të kishin imur | |
conditional1, 2 | imperfect | do të imja | do të imje | do të imte | do të imnim | do të imnit | do të imnin |
past perfect | do të kisha imur | do të kishe imur | do të kishte imur | do të kishim imur | do të kishit imur | do të kishin imur | |
optative | present | imsha | imsh | imtë | imshim | imshit | imshin |
perfect | paça imur | paç imur | pastë imur | paçim imur | paçit imur | paçin imur | |
admirative | present | imkam | imke | imka | imkemi | imkeni | imkan |
imperfect | imkësha | imkëshe | imkësh | imkëshim | imkëshit | imkëshin | |
perfect | paskam imur | paske imur | paska imur | paskemi imur | paskeni imur | paskan imur | |
past perfect | paskësha imur | paskëshe imur | paskësh imur | paskëshim imur | paskëshit imur | paskëshin imur | |
imperative | present | — | im | — | — | imni | — |
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect |
- (note: only 3rd person sg/pl passive forms; passive imet (“it is grinding”))
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 241 → personal pronouns §3.2.4.1., from IE *me
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “pronoun im (my)”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
- ^ Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 196 → (m.) possessive pronoun im (my) / (f.) poss. pronoun ime (my)
- ^ Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 323 → (m.pl) possessive pronoun (e/të) mi (my, (of) mine); (f.pl) poss. pronoun (e/të mia (my, (of) mine)
- ^ Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 570 → (m./sg.) dat./abl. possessive pronoun tim (my, of mine); genitive poss. pronoun (i) tim (my, of mine)
- ^ Martin Camaj (1984) Albanian grammar: with exercises, chrestomathy and glossaries, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, →ISBN, [[2] → (m.) possessive pronouns im, imi (my (of mine), mine); ime, imja (my (of mine), mine) (see → §134. - §136.: possessive pronouns and declension) pages 102-103]
- ^ Olga Mišeska Tomić (2006) Balkan Sprachbund, Morpho-syntactic Features, Springer Science & Business Media, The Netherlands, →ISBN, [[3] pages 199-201]
- ^ [4] 7.) m./sg. noun im/imi; f.sg. noun ime/imja(kinsman, kinswoman) / m./pl. noun (të) mitë; f./pl. noun (të) mijat (kinfolks (m., f.)) • in FJALË, Fjalor Shqip (WORDS, Albanian Dictionary)
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) chapter IM, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
Further reading edit
Degenan edit
Noun edit
im
Further reading edit
- John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars (2012)
Dupaningan Agta edit
Conjunction edit
im
German edit
Etymology edit
Contraction.
Pronunciation edit
Contraction edit
im
Usage notes edit
- The contraction im is obligatory when the definite article has no deixis whatsoever. In this case it is ungrammatical to use in dem as separate words:
- Wir sitzen im Garten. ― We're sitting in the garden.
- Er arbeitet im technischen Bereich. ― He works in the technical field.
- On the other hand, im is usually not applicable when the definite article has an indicative function. This includes contexts in which English would use a demonstrative pronoun (“this” or “that”) but also some others. Particularly, in dem is used before a defining relative clause.
- In dem Haus haben wir mal gewohnt. ― We used to live in that house [over there].
- Mein Großvater starb in dem Haus, wo ich geboren wurde. ― My grandfather died in the house where I was born.
Declension edit
The preposition in can be used with both accusative and dative objects, but it only contracts with dem as im and with das as ins. Thus, the combination of in with the definite article has the following forms:
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
accusative | in den | ins | in die | in die |
dative | im | im | in der | in den |
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
im
- Romanization of 𐌹𐌼
Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish imb,[1] from Proto-Celtic *amben (compare Welsh ymenyn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷen- (compare Latin unguen (“grease”), Old High German ancho (“butter”)).[2]
Pronunciation edit
- (Waterford) IPA(key): /aimʲ/
- (Cork, Kerry, Galway) IPA(key): /iːmʲ/[3]
- (Mayo) IPA(key): /ɪmʲ/
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /ɨ̞mʲ/[4]
Noun edit
im m (genitive singular ime, nominative plural imeanna)
- butter
- 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 197:
- Seachtmhain roimhe Shamhain chuaidh an Seónstanach siar ⁊ seacht ngearráin ⁊ péire cliabh air ghach gearrán fá choinne a chuid ime.
- A week before Samhain, Johnstone went back with seven geldings and a pair of panniers on each gelding for his butter.
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- saill ime (“butterfat”)
- uachtar ime (“buttercream”)
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) chapter IM, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) chapter IM, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 394
- Entries containing “im” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “im” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Contraction edit
im (triggers lenition)
Related terms edit
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
Etymology 3 edit
Preposition edit
im (plus dative, triggers lenition, does not mutate b, m, or p)
- Alternative form of um
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
im | n-im | him | t-im |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “imb, imm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*amben-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 69
- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 134, page 70
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 101, page 40
Iu Mien edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔim (“bitter”). Cognate with White Hmong iab and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] anb.
Adjective edit
im
Jamaican Creole edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
im
- he
- Mek im tek weh himself. ― He needs to go away.
- 2005, Kamau Brathwaite, The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770-1820 (in English), →ISBN, page 239:
- “An im seh, Yu nyaam me peas today? Him seh, nuo ma, me no eat non. […] ”
- And he said, did you eat my peas today? He said, no ma, I didn't eat them. […]
- him
- Shi sen' im a letter wah day. ― She sent him a letter recently.
- 1984, Laura Tanna, Jamaican Folk Tales and Oral Histories, →ISBN, page 11:
- “What de poor Bug do? Tek im pon im back an him travel, an him travel, an im travel. […] ”
- What did poor Bug do? He let him go on his back and he travelled on and on. […]
- his
- Den im res' im han' pan di bench. ― Then he rested his hand on the bench.
- 1984, Laura Tanna, Jamaican Folk Tales and Oral Histories, →ISBN, page 11:
- “What de poor Bug do? Tek im pon im back an him travel, an him travel, an im travel. […] ”
- What did poor Bug do? He let him go on his back and he travelled on and on. […]
- her[1]
- 'Im frack look good. ― Her dress looks good.
- she[2]
- Tanya deh yah? — Yeah, man. Im deh yah. ― Is Tanya here? — Yes, she's here.
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Richard Allsopp, editor (1996), Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 292
- ^ Richard Allsopp, editor (1996), Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 292
Further reading edit
Livonian edit
Alternative forms edit
- i'm
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *imeh.
Noun edit
im
Marshallese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
Conjunction edit
im
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
im
References edit
Middle English edit
Pronoun edit
im
- Alternative form of him (“him”)
Nalca edit
Noun edit
im
Derived terms edit
Nigerian Pidgin edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
im
Northern Kurdish edit
Verb edit
im
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
Univerbation of hi (“in”) + mo (“my”)
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
im
- in my
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c23
- co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu
- so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] mouth and what I might think with [my] heart might be different
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c23
Old Saxon edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *iz.
Pronoun edit
im
Declension edit
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero, unka | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Descendants edit
Pnar edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Khasian *ʔim. Cognate with Khasi im and Proto-Palaungic *ʔiːm (“alive, raw”) (whence Riang [Sak] ʔiːm¹ and Blang [La Gang] ʔɪ́m).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
im
- to live
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronoun edit
im
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Conjunction edit
im
- introduces a parallel, conditional or comparative statement, placed before the thing being compared to
- im więcej..., tym mniej... ― the more ..., the less ...
- Im większy głód, tym lepiej smakuje. ― The greater the hunger, the better [the food] tastes.
Further reading edit
- im in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin līmus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“to smear”).
Noun edit
im n (plural imuri)
Declension edit
Related terms edit
Scots edit
Pronoun edit
im
- (South Scots, personal) him
Verb edit
im
- (South Scots) First person singular simple present form of ti be
See also edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
im (Cyrillic spelling им)
- to them (clitic dative plural of ȏn (“he”))
- to them (clitic dative plural of òno (“it”))
- to them (clitic dative plural of òna (“she”))
- (clitic, emphatic, possessive, dative) their, of theirs
- Gdje im je auto?
- Where is their car?
Declension edit
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
nominative | ȏn | òna | òno | òni | òne | òna |
genitive | njȅga, ga | njȇ, je | njȅga, ga | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih |
dative | njȅmu, mu | njȏj, joj | njȅmu, mu | njȉma, im | njȉma, im | njȉma, im |
accusative | njȅga, ga, nj | njȗ, ju, je | njȅga, ga, nj | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih |
vocative | — | — | — | — | — | — |
locative | njȅm, njȅmu | njȏj | njȅm, njȅmu | njȉma | njȉma | njȉma |
instrumental | njȋm, njíme | njȏm, njóme | njȋm, njíme | njȉma | njȉma | njȉma |
Somali edit
Etymology edit
This verb has been postulated to have a Semitic origin due to its frequent usage with verbal prefixes common in Semitic languages such as timid (“you came”), yimid (“he came”), timid (“she came”), in which case Ge'ez እም (əm, “from”) is the likeliest source. Others posit these linguistic features to be remnants of Proto-Cushitic.
Verb edit
im/imaad
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
im
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
Welsh edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
im
- (literary) first-person singular of i