Wiktionary

寺

寺 U+5BFA, 寺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BFA
← 对
[U+5BF9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 寻 →
[U+5BFB]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Traditional 寺
Simplified 寺
Japanese 寺
Korean 寺

Han character edit

寺 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土木戈 (GDI), four-corner 40341, composition ⿱土寸(GJKV) or ⿱士寸(HT))

Alternative forms edit

  • Note that in Japanese, Korean and Simplified Chinese scripts, the top half of the character is 土 (instead of 士 as seen in Traditional Chinese), which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 293, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7414
  • Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 503, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5BFA

Chinese edit

trad. 寺
simp. # 寺

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 寺
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (寺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
等 *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ
待 *dɯːʔ
寺 *ljɯs
持 *l'ɯ
峙 *dɯʔ
痔 *dɯʔ
跱 *dɯʔ
歭 *dɯʔ
洔 *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ
畤 *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲 *dɯʔ, *djɯs
庤 *dɯʔ
時 *djɯ
鰣 *djɯ
塒 *djɯ
蒔 *djɯ, *djɯs
榯 *djɯ
恃 *djɯʔ
侍 *djɯs
詩 *hljɯ
邿 *hljɯ
特 *dɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯs) : phonetic 𡳿 (OC *tjɯ, “to go”) + semantic 又 (“hand”) – to grasp, to hold. Phonetic 𡳿 (之) became 土 or 士 in the clerical script from the late Western Han to the Eastern Han, and semantic 又 become 寸 in Small Seal Script. The derivative 持 (OC *l'ɯ) refers to the original word.

The character was often used in the place of a more specialized form. For example, in the Chu Silk Manuscript (see table above) it clearly stood for 時 (OC *djɯ, “season”).

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • sī - vernacular;
  • sū/sīr - literary.
Rime
Character 寺
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 祥吏切
Baxter ziH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/zɨH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/zɨH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/zieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zɨH/
Li
Rong 		/ziəH/
Wang
Li 		/zĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ziH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 寺
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ziH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-[d]əʔ-s/
English hall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 寺
Reading # 1/1
No. 12030
Phonetic
component 		寺
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		寺
Old
Chinese 		/*ljɯs/
Notes 說文之聲，文源雲象手持

Definitions edit

寺

  1. (historical) government court; office (before the Han dynasty)
    大理寺  ―  Dàlǐsì  ―  Court of Judicature and Revision
  2. (Buddhism) temple; monastery
    白馬寺／白马寺  ―  Báimǎsì  ―  White Horse Temple
    少林寺  ―  Shàolínsì  ―  Shaolin Monastery
    哲蚌寺  ―  Zhébàngsì  ―  Drepung Monastery
  3. place of worship; shrine
    清真寺  ―  qīngzhēnsì  ―  mosque
    仙鶴寺／仙鹤寺  ―  Xiānhèsì  ―  Crane Mosque
    西敏寺  ―  Xīmǐnsì  ―  Westminster Abbey
  4. (obsolete) Original form of 持 (chí, “to hold; to grasp”).
  5. a surname
Usage notes edit

Not used for places of worship of Taoism and Chinese folk religion.

Synonyms edit
  • (temple):

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (寺):
  • → Japanese: 寺(じ) (ji)
  • → Korean: 사(寺) (sa)

Pronunciation 2 edit

Definitions edit

寺

  1. (obsolete) internal court official, especially a eunuch

Further reading edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

寺

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. (Buddhism) temple

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
寺
てら
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE,[1] and in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]

There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation.

Considering the phonetic development in Korean, the avenues for transmission of Buddhist terms to Japan, and the consistent temple sense of the Japanese term throughout recorded history, the now-obsolete Korean 뎔 (dyeol, “temple”) may be a more likely source than Pali thera (“elders”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

寺(てら) • (tera)  (counter 軒)

  1. (chiefly Buddhism) a temple

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
寺
じ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 寺 (MC ziH).

Pronunciation edit

  • The pitch accent depends on the suffixed term.

Suffix edit

寺(じ) • (-ji) 

  1. (chiefly Buddhism) a temple

References edit

  1. ^ “寺”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3822:
    , text here
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  7. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

寺 (eumhun 절 사 (jeol sa))

  1. Hanja form? of 사 (“temple”).

Compounds edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

寺: Hán Nôm readings: tự, chùa

  1. Buddhist monastery
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