阿耨多羅三藐三菩提

See also: 阿耨多罗三藐三菩提

Chinese

		excellent, incomparable, unsurpassed
trad. (阿耨多羅三藐三菩提)		阿耨多羅	三藐三菩提
simp. (阿耨多罗三藐三菩提)		阿耨多罗	三藐三菩提

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阿耨多羅三藐三菩提

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अनुत्तरा सम्यक् सम्बोधि (anuttarā samyak sambodhi, literally “highest perfect awakening”). Compare Pali anuttara sammā sambodhi.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí

(Zhuyin): ㄚㄋㄡˋ ㄉㄨㄛㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄢㄇㄧㄠˇ ㄙㄢㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí
  - Zhuyin: ㄚㄋㄡˋ ㄉㄨㄛㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄢㄇㄧㄠˇ ㄙㄢㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: anòuduoluó sanmiǎo sanpútí
  - Wade–Giles: a¹-nou⁴-to¹-lo² san¹-miao³ san¹-pʻu²-tʻi²
  - Yale: ā-nòu-dwō-lwó sān-myǎu sān-pú-tí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: anowduoluo sanmeau sanpwutyi
  - Palladius: аноудоло саньмяо саньпути (anoudolo sanʹmjao sanʹputi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ noʊ̯⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sän⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'a nuwH ta la sam mjiewX sam bu dzye

Rime
Character	阿	耨	多	羅	三	藐	菩	提
Reading #	1/1	1/2	1/1	1/1	1/2	1/2	1/4	1/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	泥 (8)	端 (5)	來 (37)	心 (16)	明 (4)	並 (3)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	侯 (137)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)	談 (143)	宵 (91)	模 (23)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I	I	I	III	I	III
Fanqie	烏何切	奴豆切	得何切	魯何切	蘇甘切	亡沼切	薄胡切	是支切
Baxter	'a	nuwH	ta	la	sam	mjiewX	bu	dzye
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑ/	/nəu^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/miᴇu^X/	/buo/	/d͡ʑiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑ/	/nəu^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/miɛu^X/	/buo/	/d͡ʑiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑ/	/nəu^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/mjæu^X/	/bo/	/d͡ʑjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔa/	/nəw^H/	/ta/	/la/	/sam/	/miaw^X/	/bɔ/	/d͡ʑiə̆/
Li Rong	/ʔɑ/	/nu^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/miɛu^X/	/bo/	/ʑie/
Wang Li	/ɑ/	/nəu^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/mĭɛu^X/	/bu/	/ʑǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑ/	/nə̯u^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/mi̯ɛu^X/	/bʱuo/	/ʑie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ē	nòu	duō	luó	sān	miǎo	pú	chí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	o¹	nau⁶	do¹	lo⁴	saam¹	miu⁵	pou⁴	si⁴

Noun

阿耨多羅三藐三菩提

(Buddhism) the supreme perfect enlightenment
- 佛説是普門品時，眾中八萬四千眾生，皆發無等等，阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  佛说是普门品时，众中八万四千众生，皆发无等等，阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 406 CE, Lotus Sutra, chapter 25 (translation by Kumarajiva)
  Fó shuō shì pǔménpǐn shí, zhòng zhōng bāwàn sìqiān zhòngshēng, jiē fā wú děngděng, ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí xīn. [Pinyin]
  When [the Gautama] Buddha finished preaching on the sutra of Avalokiteśvara, the sentient eighty-four thousand in the crowd were aroused with the supreme and perfect enlightenment.
- 三世諸佛，依般若波羅蜜多故，得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  三世诸佛，依般若波罗蜜多故，得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 7th century CE, Shorter Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
  Sānshì zhū fó, yī bōrě bōluómìduō gù, dé ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí. [Pinyin]
  All buddhas of the past, present and future rely on the perfection of wisdom to attain the supreme, perfect enlightenment.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (阿耨多羅三藐三菩提):

→ Japanese: 阿(あ)耨(のく)多羅(たら)三藐(さんみゃく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい) (anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai)
→ Korean: 아뇩다라 삼먁 삼보리(阿耨多羅三藐三菩提) (anyokdara sammyak sambori)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
阿	耨	多	羅	三	藐	三	菩	提
あ Jinmeiyō	のく Hyōgai	た Grade: 2	ら Grade: S	さん Grade: 1	みゃく Hyōgai	さん Grade: 1	ぼ Jinmeiyō	だい Grade: 5
on'yomi	goon	on'yomi			irregular	on'yomi	kan'yōon	goon

Etymology

Ultimately a transliteration from Sanskrit अनुत्तरा सम्यक् सम्बोधि (anuttarā samyak sambodhi, literally “highest perfect awakening”),^[1]^[2]^[3] via Middle Chinese 阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 (MC 'a nowk ta la sam maewk sam bu dej), possibly through Pali anuttara sammā sambodhi.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [a̠no̞kɯ̟ta̠ɾa̠ sã̠mʲːa̠kɯ̟ sã̠mbo̞da̠i]

Noun

阿(あ)耨(のく)多(た)羅(ら)三(さん)藐(みゃく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい) • (anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai)

(Buddhism) the supreme perfect enlightenment
- 1018, Wakan Rōeishū (book 2, poem 602 by Dengyō-daishi)
  阿(あ)耨(のく)多(た)羅(ら)三(さん)藐(みやく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい)の仏(ほとけ)たちわが立(た)つ杣(そま)に冥(みやう)加(が)あらせたまへ
  anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai no hotoke-tachi waga tatsu soma ni myōga arasetamae
  O supreme, perfect, and enlightened buddhas (i.e. beings of anuttarā samyak sambodhi), protect the wooded mountains where I stand!

See also

悟(さと)り (satori)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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