had
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English hadde (preterite), yhad (past participle), from Old English hæfde (first and third person singular preterite), ġehæfd (past participle), from Proto-Germanic *habdaz, past and past participle stem of *habjaną (“to have”), equivalent to have + -ed. Cognate with Dutch had, German hatte, Swedish hade, Icelandic hafði.
Pronunciation edit
- (stressed) IPA(key): /hæd/
Audio (GA) (file) - (had to): IPA(key): /hæt/
- (unstressed) IPA(key): /həd/, /əd/
- Rhymes: -æd
Verb edit
had
- simple past and past participle of have
- This morning I had an egg for breakfast.
- A good time was had by all.
- 1814 July, [Jane Austen], chapter I, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 1:
- About thirty years ago, Miss Maria Ward, of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, […].
- (auxiliary, followed by a past participle) Used to form the past perfect tense, expressing an action that took place prior to a reference point that is itself in the past.
- I felt sure that I had seen him before.
- 2011 April 15, Ben Cooper, The Guardian, London:
- Cooper seems an odd choice, but imagine if they had taken MTV's advice and chosen Robert Pattinson?
- (auxiliary, now rare) As past subjunctive: would have.
- 1499, John Skelton, The Bowge of Courte:
- To holde myne honde, by God, I had grete payne; / For forthwyth there I had him slayne, / But that I drede mordre wolde come oute […].
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 4, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- Julius Cæsar had escaped death, if going to the Senate-house, that day wherein he was murthered by the Conspirators, he had read a memorial which was presented unto him.
- 1849, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, In Memoriam, section 24:
- If all was good and fair we met, / This earth had been the Paradise / It never look’d to human eyes / Since our first Sun arose and set.
- 1898, George Bernard Shaw, Caesar and Cleopatra:
- CAESAR (smiling). Of course I had rather you stayed.
Usage notes edit
Had, like that, is one of a small number of words to be correctly used twice in succession in English in a non-contrived way, e.g. “He had had several operations previously.”
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
Afrikaans edit
Verb edit
had
Breton edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from *sh₁-tó-, past participle of Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.
Noun edit
had m (plural hadoù)
Central Cagayan Agta edit
Pronoun edit
had
- (interrogative) where
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Czech had, from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
had m anim (related adjective hadí)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- hadice f
Further reading edit
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse hatr, from Proto-Germanic *hataz, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂d- (“hate”).
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -ad
Noun edit
had n (singular definite hadet, not used in plural form)
Related terms edit
Verb edit
had
- imperative of hade
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
had
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Hungarian hodu, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kunta.[1] Cognate with Finnish kunta.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
had (plural hadak)
Declension edit
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | had | hadak |
| accusative | hadat | hadakat |
| dative | hadnak | hadaknak |
| instrumental | haddal | hadakkal |
| causal-final | hadért | hadakért |
| translative | haddá | hadakká |
| terminative | hadig | hadakig |
| essive-formal | hadként | hadakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | hadban | hadakban |
| superessive | hadon | hadakon |
| adessive | hadnál | hadaknál |
| illative | hadba | hadakba |
| sublative | hadra | hadakra |
| allative | hadhoz | hadakhoz |
| elative | hadból | hadakból |
| delative | hadról | hadakról |
| ablative | hadtól | hadaktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
hadé | hadaké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
hadéi | hadakéi |
| Possessive forms of had | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | hadam | hadaim |
| 2nd person sing. | hadad | hadaid |
| 3rd person sing. | hada | hadai |
| 1st person plural | hadunk | hadaink |
| 2nd person plural | hadatok | hadaitok |
| 3rd person plural | haduk | hadaik |
Derived terms edit
Compound words
Expressions
References edit
- ^ Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), volume II, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 1277
Further reading edit
- had in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Malay had (“limit, boundary”), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
had (plural had-had, first-person possessive hadku, second-person possessive hadmu, third-person possessive hadnya)
- (rare) limit
- (rare) boundary
- Synonym: batas
- (rare) until
- Synonym: hingga
- (rare) as far as.
- Synonym: sejauh
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “had” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Jersey Dutch edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
had
Malay edit
Etymology edit
From Classical Malay [script needed] (had), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
had (plural had-had, informal 1st possessive hadku, 2nd possessive hadmu, 3rd possessive hadnya)
- limit
- (mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).
- Synonym: limit (Indonesian)
- (mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).
- boundary
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Indonesian: had
Further reading edit
- “had” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Matal edit
Verb edit
had
References edit
Middle English edit
Noun edit
had
- Alternative form of hod
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
had m animal
Declension edit
Declension of had (hard o-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | had | hady | hadi, hadové |
| genitive | hada, hadu | hadú | hadóv |
| dative | hadu, hadovi | hadoma | hadóm |
| accusative | had, hada | hady | hady |
| vocative | hade | hady | hadi, hadové |
| locative | hadě, hadu, hadovi | hadú | hadiech |
| instrumental | hadem | hadoma | hady |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants edit
- Czech: had
Further reading edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “had”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *haidu, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz (“state, condition, rank, person”). Akin to Old Norse heiðr (“dignity, honor”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (haidus, “manner”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hād m
- person, individual
- a character
- c. 1011, Byrhtferth, Manual[1]:
- Þonne sē sċop inn ġebringþ ōðre hādas þe wiþ hine wordliġen swelċe hīe him andswariġen, þonne biþ sēo ġesetnes "ġemǣnu" oþþe "ġemenġedu" ġeċīeġed.
- When the poet introduces other characters who talk to him as if they're answering him, the composition is called "common" or "mixed."
- individuality
- rank, status
- 9th century, the Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"
- ġehwelċes hādes menn
- people of every rank
- 9th century, the Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"
- a person of the Trinity
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Of the Catholic Faith"
- Nis sē Fæder āna Þrīnes, oþþe sē Sunu Þrīnes, oþþe sē Hālga Gāst Þrīnes, ac þās þrī hādas sind ān god on ānre godcundnesse.
- The Trinity is not the Father alone, or the Son, or the Holy Spirit; these three persons are one god in one godhead.
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Of the Catholic Faith"
- honor, dignity
- office (esp religious)
- state, condition; nature, manner
- gender
- c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of the Holy Virgins"
- Sēo ġelaðung is ġegaderod of ǣġðres hādes mannum, þæt is, werhādes and wīfhādes.
- The church is gathered from people of each gender, that is, the male sex and the female sex.
- c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of the Holy Virgins"
- (grammar) grammatical person
- c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice
- Þrī hādas sind worda. Sē forma hād is þe spricþ be him selfum ānum ("iċ seċġe", oþþe mid ōðrum mannum on maniġfealdum ġetæle, "wē seċġaþ"). Sē ōðer hād is þe sē forma spricþ tō ("þū sæġst", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "ġē seċġaþ"). Sē þridda hād is be þǣm þe sē forma hād spricþ tō þǣm ōðrum hāde ("hē sæġþ", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "hīe seċġaþ").
- Verbs have three persons. The first person talks about himself alone ("I say", or with other people in the plural, "we say"). The second person is whoever the first person talks to ("you say", or in the plural "y'all say"). The third person is whoever the first person talks about to the second person ("he says", or in the plural "they say").
- c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice
- race; kindred, family; tribe, group
- choir
Declension edit
Declension of had (strong a-stem)
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
had m anim (genitive singular hada, nominative plural hady, genitive plural hadov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension edit
Declension of had
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “had”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
had
- Romanization of 𒉺 (ḫad)
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish حد (hadd), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
had (definite accusative haddi, plural hadler or hudut)
Declension edit
| Inflection | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | had | |
| Definite accusative | haddi | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | had | hadler |
| Definite accusative | haddi | hadleri |
| Dative | hadde | hadlere |
| Locative | hadde | hadlerde |
| Ablative | hadden | hadlerden |
| Genitive | haddin | hadlerin |
Related terms edit
Upper Sorbian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *gadъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
had m animal
Further reading edit
- “had” in Soblex
Uzbek edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd, “limit”). Compare Turkish had.
Noun edit
had (plural hadlar)
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Welsh hat, from Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁-tó-, past participle of *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
had m pl or m sg (singulative hedyn, plural hadau)
Derived terms edit
- hadblanhigyn m (“seedling”)
- hadog (“seeded”, adjective)
Related terms edit
- hadu (“to sow”)
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “had”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Yola edit
Verb edit
had
- Alternative form of hadh (“had”)
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 79:
- Ich woul ich had.
- I wish I had.
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:
- Yith Muzleare had ba hole, t'was mee Tommeen,
- If Good-for-little had been buried, it had been my Tommy,
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:
- An aar w' had Treblere an sturdy Cournug.
- And there we had Treblere and sturdy Cournug.
- 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:
- Eee crappès o' a shearde ich had a cousaane.
- In the bushes of the gap I had a hole to go through.
- 1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 108:
- Hea had no much wut,
- He had not much wit,
References edit
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867