Hungarian
edit
Icelandic
edit
Etymology
edit
From Proto-Polynesian *puŋa (“coral rock”) (compare with Hawaiian puna (“coral, lime, plaster, calcium”), Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”), Tongan punga, Samoan puga)[1] from Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”) (compare with Fijian vuga), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge, lit. 'stone bloom'”) extension of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”) (compare with Malay bunga and bunga karang (“sponge”)).[2][3] Doublet of pungapunga and pua.
punga
- coral
- any silicate or calcite material
- pungarehu: ash
- pungapunga: pumice
- anchor
punga
- to anchor
- to secure
- to sink, to fall
Related terms
edit
References
edit
- ^ Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary[1], Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 374
- ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “puga.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
- ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2008) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 2: The Physical Environment, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 108
Further reading
edit
- “punga” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.
Romanian
edit
Pronunciation
edit
-punga (infinitive kupunga)
- to decrease, diminish
- to exorcise
Conjugation
edit
Conjugation of -punga
|
Positive present
|
-napunga
|
Subjunctive
|
-punge
|
Negative
|
-pungi
|
Imperative singular
|
punga
|
|
Infinitives
|
|
Imperatives
|
|
Tensed forms
|
Habitual
|
hupunga
|
Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipunga
|
Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupunga
|
|
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napunga)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
ninapunga/napunga
|
tunapunga
|
2nd person
|
unapunga
|
mnapunga
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapunga
|
wanapunga
|
other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napunga
|
|
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pungi)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
sipungi
|
hatupungi
|
2nd person
|
hupungi
|
hampungi
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapungi
|
hawapungi
|
other classes
|
negative subject concord + -pungi
|
|
Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapunga
|
Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapunga
|
|
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -punge)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
nipunge
|
tupunge
|
2nd person
|
upunge
|
mpunge
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apunge
|
wapunge
|
other classes
|
positive subject concord + -punge
|
|
Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipunge
|
Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngepunga
|
Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singepunga
|
Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipunga
|
Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipunga
|
|
|
Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mepunga
|
"Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapunga
|
"Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japunga
|
"If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipunga
|
"If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopunga
|
Consecutive
|
kapunga / positive subject concord + -kapunga
|
Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapunge
|
|
|
|
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
edit
Etymology
edit
pung (“scrotum”) + -a
punga (present pungar, preterite pungade, supine pungat, imperative punga)
- (slang) to place (something) between one's penis and scrotum (or in one's underwear more generally, usually for smuggling purposes)
Conjugation
edit
Conjugation of punga (weak)
See also
edit
References
edit