tok
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
tok
Albanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
An onomatopoeia, similar to Italian toccare (“to touch, to tap”).[1]
Verb edit
tok (aorist toka, participle tokur) (transitive)
- to cut or hit meat to mince it or make meatballs
- Synonym: grij
- to sharpen (scythe or sickle)
- Synonym: kalit
- toku draprin ― tempering the sickle
- knock
- Synonym: trokas
- to hit (or handshake) someone's hand to greet them, toast someone by clinking glasses
- Synonym: çokas
- tokën duart ― they high fived
- tokën gotat ― they toasted with glasses
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
A semantic variation of the above mentioned verb.
Adverb edit
tok
- together
- Synonyms: bashkërisht, grumbull, së bashku
References edit
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tok”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 459
Further reading edit
- “tok”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language][3] (in Albanian), 1980
Azerbaijani edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tok (definite accusative toku, plural toklar)
- (colloquial) current (electric)
Declension edit
Declension of tok | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | tok |
toklar | ||||||
definite accusative | toku |
tokları | ||||||
dative | toka |
toklara | ||||||
locative | tokda |
toklarda | ||||||
ablative | tokdan |
toklardan | ||||||
definite genitive | tokun |
tokların |
Further reading edit
- “tok” in Obastan.com.
Chickasaw edit
Particle edit
tok
- particle used to express actions in the past.
- Hatuk nakni aiya achumpa tok.
- That man went to town.
- (literally, “That man go town (past tense).”)
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Czech tok, from Proto-Slavic *tokъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tok m inan
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Unknown.[1]
Noun edit
tok (plural tokok)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | tok | tokok |
accusative | tokot | tokokat |
dative | toknak | tokoknak |
instrumental | tokkal | tokokkal |
causal-final | tokért | tokokért |
translative | tokká | tokokká |
terminative | tokig | tokokig |
essive-formal | tokként | tokokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | tokban | tokokban |
superessive | tokon | tokokon |
adessive | toknál | tokoknál |
illative | tokba | tokokba |
sublative | tokra | tokokra |
allative | tokhoz | tokokhoz |
elative | tokból | tokokból |
delative | tokról | tokokról |
ablative | toktól | tokoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
toké | tokoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
tokéi | tokokéi |
Possessive forms of tok | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | tokom | tokjaim |
2nd person sing. | tokod | tokjaid |
3rd person sing. | tokja | tokjai |
1st person plural | tokunk | tokjaink |
2nd person plural | tokotok | tokjaitok |
3rd person plural | tokjuk | tokjaik |
Derived terms edit
(Compound words):
Etymology 2 edit
Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from Turkic, probably before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries).[1] Compare also Armenian թուխու (tʻuxu, “sturgeon”).
Noun edit
tok (plural tokok)
- sturgeon (a type of fish)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | tok | tokok |
accusative | tokot | tokokat |
dative | toknak | tokoknak |
instrumental | tokkal | tokokkal |
causal-final | tokért | tokokért |
translative | tokká | tokokká |
terminative | tokig | tokokig |
essive-formal | tokként | tokokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | tokban | tokokban |
superessive | tokon | tokokon |
adessive | toknál | tokoknál |
illative | tokba | tokokba |
sublative | tokra | tokokra |
allative | tokhoz | tokokhoz |
elative | tokból | tokokból |
delative | tokról | tokokról |
ablative | toktól | tokoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
toké | tokoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
tokéi | tokokéi |
Possessive forms of tok | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | tokom | tokjaim |
2nd person sing. | tokod | tokjaid |
3rd person sing. | tokja | tokjai |
1st person plural | tokunk | tokjaink |
2nd person plural | tokotok | tokjaitok |
3rd person plural | tokjuk | tokjaik |
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 tok in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- (case, sheath): tok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (sturgeon): tok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Kokborok edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (“bird”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”). Cognate with Bodo (India) दाव (dao), Atong (India) taw·, Garo do·o.
Noun edit
tok
References edit
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Verb edit
tok
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Verb edit
tok
Polabian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *takъ.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tok
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Polish tok.
Noun edit
tok m inan
- process
- course
- tok zdarzeń ― course of events
- (in certain collocations) train
- tok myślenia ― train of thought
- current (part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction)
- (ethology) courtship display
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- toczyć impf
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
tok m inan
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ. Cognate to e-grade tȅći.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)
- flow
- stream, current
- flux
- sv(j)etlosni tok ― luminous flux
- energijski tok ― energy flux
- (Croatia) spatial movement (as opposed to temporal movement, compare tijȇk)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Ottoman Turkish طوقه (compare Turkish toka).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)
Declension edit
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tok m inan (declension pattern of dub)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- “tok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Slavic *tokъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tọ̑k m inan
Inflection edit
Masculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in -ôv- | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | tók | ||
gen. sing. | tóka | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
tók | tokôva | tokôvi |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
tóka | tokôv | tokôv |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
tóku | tokôvoma | tokôvom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
tók | tokôva | tokôve |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
tóku | tokôvih | tokôvih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
tókom | tokôvoma | tokôvi |
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | tók | ||
gen. sing. | tóka | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
tók | tóka | tóki |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
tóka | tókov | tókov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
tóku | tókoma | tókom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
tók | tóka | tóke |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
tóku | tókih | tókih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
tókom | tókoma | tóki |
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tȍk or tọ̑k m inan
Inflection edit
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | tòk | ||
gen. sing. | tóka | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
tòk | tóka | tóki |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
tóka | tókov | tókov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
tóku | tókoma | tókom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
tòk | tóka | tóke |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
tóku | tókih | tókih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
tókom | tókoma | tóki |
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | tók | ||
gen. sing. | tóka | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
tók | tóka | tóki |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
tóka | tókov | tókov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
tóku | tókoma | tókom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
tók | tóka | tóke |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
tóku | tókih | tókih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
tókom | tókoma | tóki |
Further reading edit
- “tok”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Southeastern Tepehuan edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Northern Tepehuan tóki, O'odham toki.
Noun edit
tok
References edit
- R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)[5] (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 168
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Dialectal, perhaps of imitative origin.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tok c
- crazy person, fool, wacko (stupid and/or crazy (and silly) person)
- köra som en tok
- drive like a fool/madman
- shrubby cinquefoil (short form of ölandstok)
Declension edit
Declension of tok | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | tok | token | tokar | tokarna |
Genitive | toks | tokens | tokars | tokarnas |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- tok in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- tok in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- tok in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams edit
Tok Pisin edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
tok
- message; news; speech; announcement
- 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:22:
- Na God i mekim gutpela tok bilong givim strong long ol. Em i tokim ol olsem, “Yupela ol kain kain samting bilong solwara, yupela i mas kamap planti na pulapim olgeta hap bilong solwara. Na yupela ol pisin, yupela i mas kamap planti long graun.”
- rumour
- word
- language
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Verb edit
tok intrans., transitive tokim
- (intransitive) to speak, talk
Related terms edit
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish طوق (ṭoḳ),[1][2][3] from Proto-Turkic *tok, from *tod- (“to become satiated”) or *to- (“to fill up; to close, to block”).[4][5][6]
Adjective edit
tok
Declension edit
present tense | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I am) | tokum | tok muyum? | tok değilim | tok değil miyim? |
sen (you are) | toksun | tok musun? | tok değilsin | tok değil misin? |
o (he/she/it is) | tok / toktur | tok mu? | tok değil | tok değil mi? |
biz (we are) | tokuz | tok muyuz? | tok değiliz | tok değil miyiz? |
siz (you are) | toksunuz | tok musunuz? | tok değilsiniz | tok değil misiniz? |
onlar (they are) | tok(lar) | tok(lar) mı? | tok değil(ler) | tok değiller mi? |
past tense | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I was) | toktum | tok muydum? | tok değildim | tok değil miydim? |
sen (you were) | toktun | tok muydun? | tok değildin | tok değil miydin? |
o (he/she/it was) | toktu | tok muydu? | tok değildi | tok değil miydi? |
biz (we were) | toktuk | tok muyduk? | tok değildik | tok değil miydik? |
siz (you were) | toktunuz | tok muydunuz? | tok değildiniz | tok değil miydiniz? |
onlar (they were) | toktular | tok muydular? | tok değildi(ler) / değillerdi | tok değil miydiler? |
indirect past | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I was) | tokmuşum | tok muymuşum? | tok değilmişim | tok değil miymişim? |
sen (you were) | tokmuşsun | tok muymuşsun? | tok değilmişsin | tok değil miymişsin? |
o (he/she/it was) | tokmuş | tok muymuş? | tok değilmiş | tok değil miymiş? |
biz (we were) | tokmuşuz | tok muymuşuz? | tok değilmişiz | tok değil miymişiz? |
siz (you were) | tokmuşsunuz | tok muymuşsunuz? | tok değilmişsiniz | tok değil miymişsiniz? |
onlar (they were) | tokmuşlar | tok muymuşlar? | tok değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş | tok değil miymişler? |
conditional | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (if I) | toksam | tok muysam? | tok değilsem | tok değil miysem? |
sen (if you) | toksan | tok muysan? | tok değilsen | tok değil miysen? |
o (if he/she/it) | toksa | tok muysa? | tok değilse | tok değil miyse? |
biz (if we) | toksak | tok muysak? | tok değilsek | tok değil miysek? |
siz (if you) | toksanız | tok muysanız? | tok değilseniz | tok değil miyseniz? |
onlar (if they) | toksalar | tok muysalar? | tok değilseler / değillerse | tok değil miyseler? |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طوق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1258
- ^ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طوق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 819
- ^ Şemseddin Sâmi (1899–1901) “طوق”, in قاموس تركی [kamus-ı türki] (in Ottoman Turkish), Constantinople: İkdam Matbaası, page 901
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “1 tok”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 464
- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dod-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tok”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Further reading edit
- “tok”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tok³”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4848
Vilamovian edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German tocke, from Old High German toccha (“doll”), from Proto-Germanic *dokko (“something round”), related to *dukkǭ (“muscle, strength”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeu-k- (“to spin, shake”); cognate with German Docke (“corn dolly”).
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
tok f (plural toka, diminutive takla)
References edit
- Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.