Chinese Edit

Pronunciation 1 Edit

yesterday
 
day; sun; date
day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)
simp. and trad.
(昨日)
anagram 日昨


Note: zok6 jat6 - prescribed.
Note:
  • za2 rig8 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • za1 rig8 - Chenghai, Johor Bahru;
  • zao1 rig8 - Jieyang.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1 1/1
    Initial () (15) (38)
    Final () (103) (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division () I III
    Fanqie
    Baxter dzak nyit
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /d͡zɑk̚/ /ȵiɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /d͡zɑk̚/ /ȵit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /d͡zɑk̚/ /ȵʑjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /d͡zak̚/ /ȵit̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /d͡zɑk̚/ /ȵiĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /d͡zɑk̚/ /ȵʑĭĕt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /d͡zʱɑk̚/ /ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zuó
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zok6 jat6

    Noun Edit

    昨日

    1. (formal or dialectal) yesterday
    Synonyms Edit
    Descendants Edit
    Sino-Xenic (昨日):
    • Japanese: 昨日(さくじつ) (sakujitsu)
    • Korean: 작일(昨日) (jagil)

    Pronunciation 2 Edit

    yesterday
     
    day; sun; date
    day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)
    simp. and trad.
    (昨日)
    alternative forms 佐日
    anagram 日昨

    Noun Edit

    昨日

    1. (Min) day before yesterday
      𪜶翁仔某昨日出國𨑨迌 [Hokkien, trad.]
      𪜶翁仔某昨日出国𨑨迌 [Hokkien, simp.]
      In nn̄g ang-á-bó͘ cho̍h--ji̍t tō chhut-kok khì chhit-thô--ah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      The husband and wife went out of the country the day before yesterday to play.
    Synonyms Edit

    Japanese Edit

    Etymology 1 Edit

    Kanji in this term
    きのう
    Grade: 4 Grade: 1
    jukujikun

    /ki no pu//kinoɸu/ → */kinowu//kinou//kinoː/

    From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kinəpu.

    The initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The middle no appears to be the regular genitive particle (no). The final pu is an apophonic form of (hi, day),[1] also found in 今日 (kepu→kyō, today).

    Martin suggests that the initial ki might also be related to Old Japanese (ku, to come), modern 来る (kuru),[2] presumably via the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of ki. However, this is problematic both semantically, as "the coming day" would presumably refer to tomorrow rather than yesterday; and grammatically, as a verb modifying a noun would be expected to conjugate into the regular attributive form (for (ku) that would be kuru), rather than into the continuative form that then necessitates a particle.

    The kanji are orthographic borrowing from Chinese 昨日 (zuórì).

    Pronunciation Edit

    Noun Edit

    昨日(きのう) (kinōきのふ (kinofu)?

    1. yesterday
      昨日(きのう)(とう)(きょう)(くも)でした
      Kinō, Tōkyō wa kumori deshita ka.
      Was it cloudy in Tokyo yesterday?

    Etymology 2 Edit

    Kanji in this term
    さく
    Grade: 4
    じつ
    Grade: 1
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese compound 昨日 (dzak nyit, literally yesterday + day ). Compare modern Cantonese reading zok6 jat6.

    Pronunciation Edit

    Noun Edit

    (さく)(じつ) (sakujitsu

    1. yesterday

    Etymology 3 Edit

    Kanji in this term
    きそ
    Grade: 4 Grade: 1
    jukujikun
    Alternative spelling
    昨夜

    From Old Japanese. The initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The final so is also unclear, but is probably the same as the final zo in 去年(こぞ) (kozo).[1]

    This may have been read as kizo in Old Japanese.[1][4]

    Pronunciation Edit

    Noun Edit

    昨日(きそ) (kiso

    1. last night
    2. yesterday
    Coordinate terms Edit
    (Time)
    ~ -3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 Continual
    Day 一昨昨日 一昨日 昨日 今日 明日 明後日 毎日
    Morning 一昨朝 昨朝 今朝 明朝 毎朝
    Night 一昨晩 昨晩 今晩 明晩 毎晩
    Week 先々週 先週 今週 来週 再来週 毎週
    Month 先々月 先月 今月 来月 再来月 毎月
    Year 一昨昨年 一昨年 去年 今年 来年 再来年 毎年

    References Edit

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ^ Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 451
    3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean Edit

    Hanja in this term

    Noun Edit

    昨日 (jagil) (hangeul 작일)

    1. Hanja form? of 작일 (yesterday).