漢字

See also: 汉字

Chinese

		Chinese; name of a dynasty; man	letter; symbol; character letter; symbol; character; word
trad. (漢字)		漢	字
simp. (汉字)		汉	字

漢字／汉字 (hànzì): Chinese characters, showing the Traditional Chinese script on the left, and Simplified Chinese script on the right.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hànzì

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ ㄗˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ханзы (hanzɨ, III-III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hon³ zi⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hon¹ du⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): hon³ ci²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hon-sṳ

  (Hailu, HRS): hon^ˇ sii^˖

• Eastern Min (BUC): háng-cê
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang⁴ zo⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hàn-jī / hàn-lī

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hang³ ri⁷

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵hoe-zy

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hànzì
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ ㄗˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hànzìh
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴-tzŭ⁴
    • Yale: hàn-dz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hanntzyh
    • Palladius: ханьцзы (xanʹczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 汗漬 / 汗渍 漢字 / 汉字

  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ханзы (hanzɨ, III-III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hon³ zi⁶
    • Yale: hon jih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hon³ dzi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hon³ ji⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn³³ t͡siː²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hon¹ du⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔn³³ tu³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: hon³ ci²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hon-sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: hon sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hon⁴ si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /hon⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: hon^ˇ sii^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /hon¹¹ sɨ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: háng-cê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒɛi²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁴ zo⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ha̍ng-ceō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁴² t͡so¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁴ zo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁴² t͡so²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàn-jī
    • Tâi-lô: hàn-jī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: harnji
    • IPA (Penang): /han²¹⁻³³ d͡zi²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²¹⁻⁴¹ zi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /han²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàn-lī
    • Tâi-lô: hàn-lī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: harnli
    • IPA (Taipei): /han¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /han²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hang³ ri⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hàng jī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zi¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵hoe-zy
    • MiniDict: hoe^去 zy
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²hoe-zr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hø³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: xanH dziH

Rime
Character	漢	字
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	呼旰切	疾置切
Baxter	xanH	dziH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑnH/	/d͡zɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑnH/	/d͡zɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑnH/	/d͡zieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hanH/	/d͡zɨH/
Li Rong	/xɑnH/	/d͡ziəH/
Wang Li	/xɑnH/	/d͡zĭəH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xɑnH/	/d͡zʱiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn	zì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon3	zi6

Noun

漢字

1. Chinese character; Han character; hanzi

   • 顯宗曰：「每日先教漢字，至申時漢字課畢，教女直小字，習國朝語。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     显宗曰：「每日先教汉字，至申时汉字课毕，教女直小字，习国朝语。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1343-1345, 《金史·卷九十八·完顏匡》 (History of Jin)

     Xiǎnzōng yuē: “Měirì xiān jiào hànzì, zhì shēn shí hànzì kè bì, jiào nǚzhí xiǎo zì, xí guócháo yǔ.” [Pinyin]

     Xiǎnzōng said: “Every day first teach hanzi, until 3–5pm when hanzi class ends. Teach the Jurchen people small characters, and they will learn the language of this dynasty.”

   • 不錯，漢字是古代傳下來的寶貝，但我們的祖先，比漢字還要古，所以我們更是古代傳下來的寶貝。爲漢字而犧牲我們，還是爲我們而犧牲漢字呢？ [MSC, trad.]
     不错，汉字是古代传下来的宝贝，但我们的祖先，比汉字还要古，所以我们更是古代传下来的宝贝。为汉字而牺牲我们，还是为我们而牺牲汉字呢？ [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1934, 魯迅 (Lu Xun) 《漢字和拉丁化》 (Han character and its Latinization)

     Bùcuò, hànzì shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi, dàn wǒmen de zǔxiān, bǐ hànzì hái yào gǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen gèng shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi. Wèi hànzì ér xīshēng wǒmen, háishì wèi wǒmen ér xīshēng hànzì ne? [Pinyin]

     Yes, Chinese characters are a treasure passed down from antiquity, but our ancestors are even more ancient, so we are more so a treasure passed down from antiquity. Will we sacrifice Chinese characters for our sake, or will we sacrifice ourselves for the sake of Chinese characters?

Synonyms

edit

• 中國字 / 中国字 (zhōngguózì)
• 中文字 (zhōngwénzì)
• 咱人字 (Hokkien)
• 唐人字 (Hokkien)
• 唐字 (tong⁴ zi⁶) (Cantonese)
• 國字 / 国字 (guózì)
• 漢文字 / 汉文字 (Hokkien)

Derived terms

• 和國漢字 / 和国汉字 (héguóhànzì)
• 漢字圈 / 汉字圈 (hànzìquān)
• 漢字文化圈 / 汉字文化圈 (hànzì wénhuàquān)
• 漢字詞 / 汉字词 (hànzìcí)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (漢字):

• → Japanese: 漢字(かんじ) (kanji)
• → Okinawan: 漢字(かんじ) (kanji)
• → Korean: 한자(漢字) (hanja)
• → Vietnamese: Hán tự (漢字)

Others:

• → English: Hanzi, hanzi
• → French: hanzi
• → German: Hanzi
• → Indonesian: honji, hanzi
• → Malay: hanzi
• → Mongolian:

  Cyrillic script: ханз (xanz)

  Mongolian script: ᠬᠠᠨᠵᠢ (qanǰi)

• → Russian: ханьцзы́ (xanʹczý)
• → Spanish: hanzi
• → Swedish: hanzi
• → Thai: ฮั่นจื้อ (hân-jʉ̂ʉ)
• → Turkish: hanzi

See also

• 繁體字／繁体字 (fántǐzì)
• 簡體字／简体字 (jiǎntǐzì)
• 異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
漢	字
かん Grade: 3	じ Grade: 1
goon

Alternative spelling
漢字 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese compound 漢字 (MC xanH dziH, literally “Han Chinese + character”). Compare modern Mandarin 漢字／汉字 (hànzì), Hokkien 漢字 / 汉字 (hàn-jī / hàn-lī).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かんじ [kàńjí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

漢(かん)字(じ) • (kanji) 

1. kanji

Usage notes

The term literally means “Chinese characters”, and refers broadly to any such ideographic or logographic character originating in written Chinese, or created anew along similar lines. This latter category includes some characters created in Japan from originally Chinese elements and called 国字 (kokuji, literally “national (i.e. Japanese) characters”), and other characters that were modified over time into distinctly Japanese forms and called 新字体 (shinjitai, literally “new character forms”). Contrast with 仮名 (kana, literally “borrowed label”), uniquely Japanese phonetic characters derived either from cursive forms of kanji (the 平仮名 (hiragana)) or from shorthand that abbreviated characters to use just specific parts of the original kanji (the 片仮名 (katakana)).

Synonyms

• 真名(まな) (mana), 真字(まな) (mana)
• 男(おとこ)手(で) (otokode)
• 男(おとこ)文(も)字(じ) (otokomoji)

Hyponyms

• 国(こく)字(じ) (kokuji)
• 和(わ)製(せい)漢(かん)語(ご) (wasei kango)
• 和(わ)製(せい)漢(かん)字(じ) (wasei kanji)

Derived terms

• 漢(かん)字(じ)圏(けん) (kanjiken)
• 漢(かん)字(じ)語(ご) (kanjigo)
• 振(ふ)り漢(かん)字(じ) (furikanji)
• 教(きょう)育(いく)漢(かん)字(じ) (kyōiku kanji)
• 常(じょう)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) (jōyō kanji)
• 当(とう)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) (tōyō kanji)
• 表(ひょう)外(がい)漢(かん)字(じ) (hyōgai kanji)
• 補(ほ)助(じょ)漢(かん)字(じ) (hojo kanji)
• 漢(かん)字(じ)文(ぶん)化(か)圏(けん) (kanji bunkaken)
• 常(じょう)用(よう)外(がい)漢(かん)字(じ) (jōyōgai kanji)
• 人(じん)名(めい)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) (jinmeiyō kanji)
• 難(なん)読(どく)漢(かん)字(じ) (nandoku kanji)

Descendants

• → English: Kanji, kanji
• → French: kanji
• → German: Kanji
• → Indonesian: kanji
• → Portuguese: kanji
• → Russian: кандзи́ (kandzí)
• → Spanish: kanji
• → Thai: คันจิ (kan-jì)

See also

• 平(ひら)仮(が)名(な) (hiragana)
• 片(かた)仮(か)名(な) (katakana)
• 変(へん)体(たい)仮(が)名(な) (hentaigana)
• 仮名(かな) (kana)
• 新(しん)字(じ)体(たい) (shinjitai)
• 旧(きゅう)字(じ)体(たい) (kyūjitai)
• 異(い)体(たい)字(じ) (itaiji)
• 略(りゃく)字(じ) (ryakuji)

Korean

Hanja in this term
漢	字

Noun

漢字 • (hanja) (hangeul 한자)

1. hanja form^? of 한자 (“Chinese character; hanja”)

Okinawan

Etymology

Kanji in this term
漢	字
かん Grade: 3	じ Grade: 1
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
漢字 (kyūjitai)

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as かんじ. Borrowed from Japanese 漢字 (kanji).

Noun

漢(かん)字(じ) (kanji) 

1. (hapax legomenon, ghost word, obsolete) kanji; Chinese character

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
漢	字

Noun

漢字

1. chữ Hán form of Hán tự (“Chinese character”).