Wiktionary

量

量 U+91CF, 量
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CF
← 野
[U+91CE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 釐 →
[U+91D0]
量 U+F97E, 量
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F97E
← 諒
[U+F97D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勵 →
[U+F97F]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Taiwan)
 

量 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日一田土 (AMWG), four-corner 60104, composition ⿱旦里)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1292, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40138
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1794, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3683, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+91CF

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 量
2nd round simp. 𰅊
alternative forms 𣊹
𨤥
𨤦
 
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 量
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (量) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
糧 *raŋ
量 *raŋ, *raŋs

Inconclusive. In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, the most common form was 日 (“sun”) + 東／东 (“bag; east”). Here are a few proposed interpretations as an ideogrammic compound (會意):

  • 日 was sometimes replaced with 田, so Qiu Xigui thinks that it may be the original character of 糧 (OC *raŋ, “grain field”).
  • Yu Xingwu interprets it as measuring something under the sun.
  • Guo Moruo interprets it as the sun rising in the east – original character of 亮 (OC *raŋs).

Shuowen interprets this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raŋ, *raŋs): phonetic 曏／向 (OC *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs) + 重 (“weight; heavy”).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)raŋ (“to count, to measure”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate to Tibetan བགྲང (bgrang, “to count”), Khaling ʾkhran-ne, Burmese ခြင် (hkrang, “to measure capacity”), Nusu xɹɯ³¹ (“to count”).

Pronunciation 2 is possibly a *-s suffixed exopassive derivation of Pronunciation 1; thus it means "what is measured → a measure" and is cognate to Tibetan [script needed] (grangs, “number”) (see also Unger (1983))

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
  • liông/liâng - literary.
Note:
  • liang5 - literary;
  • nion5/niên5 - vernacular (niên5 - Chaozhou).
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 量
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 呂章切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/liaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/li̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		liáng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		loeng4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 量
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		liáng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]aŋ/
    English measure (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 量
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 8064
    Phonetic
    component         		量
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*raŋ/
    Notes 甲金文下從東，
    上日甲文作囗，
    象估量下種範圍，
    非曏聲

    DefinitionsEdit

    量

    1. to measure
    2. to estimate; to evaluate
    SynonymsEdit
    Dialectal synonyms of 量 (“to measure”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 度
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 量
    Mandarin Beijing 量
    Harbin 量
    Yantai (Muping) 量
    Jinan 量
    Luoyang 量
    Wanrong 量
    Xi'an 量
    Yinchuan 量
    Xining 量
    Ürümqi 量
    Chengdu 量
    Guiyang 量
    Guilin 量
    Liuzhou 量
    Xuzhou 量
    Yangzhou 量
    Nanjing 量
    Cantonese Hong Kong 度, 量
    Wu Shanghai 量

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 量

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    Note:
    • niū/niō͘ - vernacular;
    • liōng/liāng - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 量
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 力讓切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɨɐŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liɐŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lɨaŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/liaŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭaŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/li̯aŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		liàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		loeng6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 量
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		liàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljangH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]aŋ-s/
    English measure (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 量
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 8065
    Phonetic
    component         		量
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		亮
    Old
    Chinese         		/*raŋs/

    DefinitionsEdit

    量

    1. (historical) measuring vessel, such as the dou or hu
    2. measure; measurement; quantity
    3. capacity; volume
    4. (Buddhist logic) pramana
    5. (Min Nan) large steelyard
    6. to estimate; to approximate

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 量

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    量

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    From Middle Chinese 量 (MC lɨɐŋ); compare Mandarin 量 (liáng):

    From Middle Chinese 量 (MC lɨɐŋH); compare Mandarin 量 (liàng):

    From native Japanese roots:

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    量
    りょう
    Grade: 4
    kan’on
     量 on Japanese Wikipedia

    From Middle Chinese 量 (MC lɨɐŋH, “measure”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    量(りょう) • (ryō) ←りやう (ryau)?

    1. volume, amount
      交通(こうつう)量(りょう)
      kōtsū-ryō
      amount of traffic
      なかなかの量(りょう)
      nakanaka no ryō
      a considerable amount
    2. (Buddhist logic) pramana
      比(ひ)量(りょう)
      hi-ryō
      pramana of Reasoning

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    量
    はか
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    Cognate with 計り (hakari).[1]

    Alternative formsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    量(はか) • (haka) 

    1. progress

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    量 (eumhun 헤아릴 량 (hearil ryang), South Korea 헤아릴 양 (hearil yang))

    1. Hanja form? of 량/양 (“volume; amount”).

    CompoundsEdit

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    量: Hán Nôm readings: lường, lượng, nhân

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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