Wiktionary

離

See also: 离 and ☲
離 U+96E2, 離
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96E2
← 雡
[U+96E1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 難 →
[U+96E3]
離 U+F9EA, 離
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EA
← 里
[U+F9E9] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 匿 →
[U+F9EB]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

離 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 卜月人土 (YBOG), four-corner 00414, composition ⿰离隹)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1369, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42140
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1875, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4106, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+96E2

Chinese edit

trad. 離
simp. 离*

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (离) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謧 *reːl, *rel
璃 *reːl, *rel
離 *reːls, *rel, *rels
縭 *rel
离 *rel, *r̥ʰel
醨 *rel
樆 *rel
褵 *rel
漓 *rel
黐 *rel, *r̥ʰel
籬 *rel
灕 *rel
蘺 *rel
攡 *rel
魑 *r̥ʰel
螭 *r̥ʰel
摛 *r̥ʰel

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːls, *rel, *rels) : phonetic 离 (OC *rel, *r̥ʰel) + semantic 隹 (“bird”) – black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis). This sense is preserved in the compound 離黃.

Phonetically borrowed for the sense "to depart".

 
The 3rd trigram, formed of ⚊ over ⚋ and ⚊
 
The 30th hexagram, formed of ☲ and ☲

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note: lei6 - rare (e.g. 離群索居／离群索居).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 離
Mandarin Beijing /li³⁵/
Harbin /li²⁴/
Tianjin /li⁴⁵/
Jinan /li⁴²/
Qingdao /li⁴²/
Zhengzhou /li⁴²/ ～婚
/li³¹²/ ～開
Xi'an /li²⁴/ ～別
/li⁴⁴/ ～開
Xining /l̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /li⁵³/
Lanzhou /li⁵³/
Ürümqi /li⁵¹/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ni³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /li³¹/
Nanjing /li²⁴/
/li⁴⁴/
Hefei /zz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /li¹¹/
Pingyao /li¹³/ ～別
/li³⁵/ 分開了
Hohhot /li³¹/
Wu Shanghai /li²³/
Suzhou /li¹³/
Hangzhou /li¹³/
Wenzhou /lei³¹/
Hui Shexian /li⁴⁴/
Tunxi /li⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /li¹³/
Xiangtan /ni¹²/
Gan Nanchang /li⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /li¹¹/
Taoyuan /li¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lei²¹/
Nanning /li²¹/
Hong Kong /lei²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /li³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lie⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /li⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /li⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /li³¹/
Rime
Character 離
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 呂支切
Baxter lje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/liə̆/
Li
Rong 		/lie/
Wang
Li 		/lǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lei4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 離 離
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lí lí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lje › ‹ lje ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]aj/ /*[r]aj/
English meet with, encounter depart from

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 離
Reading # 2/3
No. 7780
Phonetic
component 		离
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		離
Old
Chinese 		/*rel/
Notes 甲文象隹入網羅，
離反爲省文

Definitions edit

離

  1. to leave; to depart
  2. to go away
  3. to separate
  4. (colloquial) to divorce
  5. away from
  6. ☲, the 3rd of the 8 trigrams
  7. ䷝, the 30th of the 64 I Ching hexagrams
  8. † Alternative form of 罹 (lí, “to suffer; to be hit with; to encounter”)
  9. † Alternative form of 縭／缡 (lí)
  10. a surname
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 離婚 (“to divorce”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 離婚, 離異
Mandarin Beijing 離婚, 散
Taiwan 離婚
Tianjin 離婚, 散
Chengde 離婚
Tangshan 離婚, 散夥
Cangzhou 離婚, 散
Baoding 離婚, 散
Shijiazhuang 離婚
Chifeng 離婚
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 離婚, 打八刀
Heihe 離婚, 打八刀
Qiqihar 離婚, 打八刀
Harbin 離婚, 打八刀
Jiamusi 離婚, 打八刀
Baicheng 離婚, 打八刀
Changchun 離婚, 打八刀
Tonghua 離婚, 打八刀
Shenyang 離婚, 跳槽
Dandong 離婚, 打八刀
Jinzhou 離婚, 八刀
Dalian 離婚
Yantai 離婚
Qingdao 離婚
Lijin 離婚
Zhucheng 離婚
Jinan 離婚
Jining 離婚
Wanrong 離婚
Shangqiu 離婚
Yuanyang 離婚
Zhengzhou 離婚
Lingbao 離婚
Xinyang 離婚
Baihe 離婚, 散
Hanzhong 離婚
Xi'an 離婚
Baoji 離婚, 散夥
Yinchuan 離婚
Tianshui 離婚
Lanzhou 離婚
Dunhuang 離婚
Xining 離婚
Hami 離婚
Ürümqi 離婚
Wuhan 離婚, 脫離 dated, 打脫離 dated
Yichang 離婚, 拆婚
Xiangyang 離婚
Tianmen 離婚, 散, 打脫離
Hong'an 離婚, 打脫離
Chengdu 離婚, 打脫離
Nanchong 離婚
Dazhou 退婚, 退親
Hanyuan 離婚, 散
Xichang 離婚
Zigong 離婚, 打脫離
Chongqing 離婚, 打脫離
Guiyang 離婚
Zunyi 離婚
Bijie 離婚
Liping 離婚
Zhaotong 離婚
Dali 離婚
Kunming 離婚
Mengzi 離婚
Guilin 離婚
Liuzhou 離婚
Jishou 離婚
Changde 脫離
Anqing 離婚, 打離婚
Xuzhou 離婚, 離
Fuyang 離婚
Wuhu 離婚, 打離婚
Yangzhou 離婚
Lianyungang 離婚, 離
Lianshui 離婚
Nanjing 離婚, 離
Hefei 離婚
Nantong 離婚
Singapore 離婚
Cantonese Guangzhou 離婚
Hong Kong 離婚
Taishan 離婚
Gan Nanchang 離婚, 離
Hakka Yudu 打離婚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 離婚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 離婚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 離婚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 離婚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 離緣
Huizhou Shexian 離婚
Jin Taiyuan 離婚, 離
Yangyuan 離婚
Datong 離婚, 離
Xinzhou 離婚
Lishi 離婚
Linfen 離婚
Changzhi 離婚
Linhe 離婚
Jining 離婚
Hohhot 離婚
Erenhot 離婚
Pingshan 離婚
Zhangjiakou 離婚
Handan 離婚, 散
Linzhou 離婚
Suide 離婚
Southern Min Xiamen 離婚, 離緣
Quanzhou 離婚
Zhangzhou 離婚
Tainan 離婚, 離緣
Penang (Hokkien) 離婚, 相煞
Manila (Hokkien) 離婚
Wu Shanghai 離婚
Suzhou 離婚, 離
Hangzhou 離婚, 離
Ningbo 離婚

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

  • → Vietnamese: lìa

References edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Rime
Character 離
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力智切
Baxter ljeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɛH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/liə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/lieH/
Wang
Li 		/lǐeH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lei6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 離
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljeH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*raj-s/
English reject

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 離
Reading # 3/3
No. 7794
Phonetic
component 		离
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		詈
Old
Chinese 		/*rels/

Definitions edit

離

  1. Used in 離支／离支 (lìzhī, “lychee”).
  2. (obsolete) to reject; to discard

Pronunciation 3 edit

Rime
Character 離
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎計切
Baxter lejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/leiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/leiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/leiH/
Wang
Li 		/lieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lai6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 離
Reading # 1/3
No. 7779
Phonetic
component 		离
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		麗
Old
Chinese 		/*reːls/

Definitions edit

離

  1. Alternative form of 麗／丽 (“to adhere; to attach to”)

Pronunciation 4 edit

Definitions edit

離

  1. Only used in 離跂／离跂.

Pronunciation 5 edit

Definitions edit

離

  1. Alternative form of 螭 (chī, “a kind of dragon”)
  2. Alternative form of 离 (“a kind of legendary beast”)

Pronunciation 6 edit

Definitions edit

離

  1. Only used in 離瞀／离瞀.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

離

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. separate, detach, digress

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Korean edit

 
Yakja (略字, simplified form) of 離.

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Chinese 離 (MC lje|ljeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 리 (li) (Yale: li) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation edit

  • (initial position)
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
  • (non-initial position)

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

離 (eumhun 떠날 리 (tteonal ri), South Korea 떠날 이 (tteonal i))

  1. Hanja form? of 리/이 (“to leave”).
  2. Hanja form? of 리/이 (“separation; departure”).
  3. Hanja form? of 리/이 (“division”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 2 edit

Related to Middle Chinese 螭 / 离 (MC trhje).

Hanja edit

離 (eumhun 교룡(蛟龍) 치 (gyoryong( 蛟龍 ) chi))
離 (eumhun 맹수(猛獸) 치 (maengsu( 猛獸 ) chi))

  1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 螭 (“Hanja form? of 치 (“a kind of dragon”).”)
  2. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 离 (“Hanja form? of 치 (“a kind of legendary beast”).”)

Etymology 3 edit

Related to Middle Chinese 麗 / 儷 (MC lejH).

Hanja edit

離 (eumhun 붙을 려 (buteul ryeo), South Korea 붙을 여 (buteul yeo))
離 (eumhun 나란히 할 려 (naranhi hal ryeo), South Korea 나란히 할 여 (naranhi hal yeo))

  1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 麗 (“Hanja form? of 려/여 (“to adhere”).”)
  2. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 儷 (“Hanja form? of 려/여 (“in pair”).”)

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

離: Hán Nôm readings: li, ly, le, lè, lì, lìa, lia

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

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