羅剎

See also: 羅刹 and 罗刹

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (羅剎)		羅	剎
simp. (罗刹)		罗	刹

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit राक्षस (rākṣasa).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): luóchà

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lo⁴ caat³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: luóchà
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luóchà
    • Wade–Giles: lo²-chʻa⁴
    • Yale: lwó-chà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luochah
    • Palladius: лоча (loča)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lo⁴ caat³
    • Yale: lòh chaat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lo⁴ tsaat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: lo⁴ cad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔː²¹ t͡sʰaːt̚³/

---

• Middle Chinese: la tsrhaet

Rime
Character	羅	剎
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	黠 (71)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	魯何切	初鎋切
Baxter	la	tsrhaet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑ/	/t͡ʃʰˠat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑ/	/t͡ʃʰɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/la/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨt̚/
Li Rong	/lɑ/	/t͡ʃʰat̚/
Wang Li	/lɑ/	/t͡ʃʰat̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luó	cha
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lo4	caat3

Noun

羅剎

1. (Hindu mythology, Hinduism, Buddhism) rakshasa

Synonyms

• 羅叉／罗叉
• 羅叉娑／罗叉娑
• 羅剎娑／罗刹娑

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (羅剎):

• → Japanese: 羅(ら)刹(せつ) (rasetsu)
• → Korean: 나찰(羅刹) (nachal)
• → Vietnamese: La Sát (羅剎)

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of Manchu ᠯᠣᠴᠠ (loca, “Russian”, noun), from Solon lōča (“Russian”, noun).

Compare modern Solon ᠯᠣᠤᠲ (loot, “Russian”, noun), ᠯᠣᠤᠴᠠ (looqa, “Russian”, noun); Daur luaaq (“Russian”, noun); Nanai лоча (loča); Evenki лӯча (lūça), Even ню̄чи (ņūci), Yakut нуучча (nuucca); Ainu ヌチャ (nuca), etc.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Luóchà

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄚˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Luóchà
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Luóchà
    • Wade–Giles: Lo²-chʻa⁴
    • Yale: Lwó-chà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luochah
    • Palladius: Лоча (Loča)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/

Proper noun

羅剎

1. (obsolete, derogatory) Russia

   • 據郎坦等奏，攻取羅剎甚易，發兵三千足矣。 [MSC, trad.]
     据郎坦等奏，攻取罗刹甚易，发兵三千足矣。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1689, 《平定羅剎方略》 (Strategic Narrative of the Pacification of Russia)

     Jù Lángtǎn děng zòu, gōngqǔ Luóchà shèn yì, fā bīng sān qiān zú yǐ. [Pinyin]

     According to the report of Langtan and others, it is very easy to attack and seize Russia, sending 3,000 soldiers is enough.

   • 先是，黑龍江將軍薩布素奏，驍騎校碩格色等，往探羅剎情形。 [MSC, trad.]
     先是，黑龙江将军萨布素奏，骁骑校硕格色等，往探罗刹情形。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1731, 《聖祖仁皇帝實錄》

     Xiānshì, Hēilóngjiāng jiāngjūn Sàbùsù zòu, Xiāoqíjiào Shuògésè děng, wǎng tàn Luóchà qíngxíng. [Pinyin]

     Formerly, the Heilongjiang general Sabsu presented the report: those Funde Bošokū (驍騎校), such as Šogese, went to investigate the situation of Russians.

   • 而我聖祖猶宣諭諸將，謂中國兵馬精強，器械堅利，羅剎勢不能敵，歸誠時勿殺一人，俾還故土。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     而我圣祖犹宣谕诸将，谓中国兵马精强，器械坚利，罗刹势不能敌，归诚时勿杀一人，俾还故土。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1886, 陳康祺 (Chen Kangqi), 《郎潛紀聞》

     Ér wǒ Shèngzǔ yóu xuānyù zhū jiàng, wèi Zhōngguó bīngmǎ jīngqiáng, qìxiè jiānlì, Luóchà shì bùnéng dí, guīchéng shí wù shā yīrén, bǐ huán gùtǔ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 羅剎犯我境，恃雅克薩城為巢穴，歷年已久，殺掠不已。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     罗刹犯我境，恃雅克萨城为巢穴，历年已久，杀掠不已。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1929, Zhao Erxun (lead editor), Draft History of Qing

     Luóchà fàn wǒ jìng, shì Yǎkèsà chéng wèi cháoxué, lìnián yǐjiǔ, shālüè bùyǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “羅剎” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
羅	剎

Noun

羅剎

1. chữ Hán form of La Sát (“rakshasa”).