User:Victar/Sandbox4
*ḱl̥néwti > *ĉr̥náwti > *ĉr̥náwti > YAv. sᵘrᵘnaoⁱti, OP xšnautiy
Contents
L̥ examples
editL̥.C
edit[-labial]L̥.C[-labial]: Skt. (C)ṛCaAv. (C)ərᵊCa
- *gʰr̥dʰás (“enclosure”)
- *kŕ̥miš (“worm”)
- *kr̥psrás (< *kr̥p-s-ró-s[3])
CʷL̥.C[-labial]
- *kr̥náwti (“to make”)
- Vedic Sanskrit: कृणोति (kṛṇóti)
- ⇒ Classical Sanskrit: करोति (karóti) (< earlier *kr̥róti)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (kərənaoiti, “makes, does”)
- Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐎫𐎡𐎹 (ku-u-n-u-t-i-y /kunautiy/)
- Middle Persian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫇𐫗𐫏𐫅 (kwnyd)
- Middle Persian:
- Vedic Sanskrit: कृणोति (kṛṇóti)
- *kr̥tás (“made”)
C[+lab]L̥.C[-labial]
- *bʰr̥ĵʰánts (“high”)
- *mr̥gás (“forest animal”)
- *mr̥tás (“dead”)
- *pr̥štʰás (“back”)
- *pr̥sĉáti (“to ask”)
wL̥.C[-labial]
- *wr̥ĵyáti (“to work”) (< *wr̥ǵyéti)
- Sanskrit: वृज्यते (vṛjyáte)
- Avestan: 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vərəziieiti)
L̥.{Cu,w}
- *Hr̥ĵúš (“just”)
- *Hr̥wánts (“fast, swiftbravehero”) (< *h₃r̥wénts < *h₃er-)
- *mr̥dúš (“soft”)
- *mr̥ĵʰúš (“short”)
- *mr̥tyúš (“death”)
- *pr̥tʰúš (“broad”)
L̥.{Ci,y}
L̥#
L̥.wL̥
- *bʰə́ʷrwr̥ (< *bʰérwr̥ ~ *bʰr̥wéns) (cognate with भर्वति (bʰárvati))
- ⇒ *bʰə́ʷrwas (“food, meal”) (+ *-as)
- Avestan: [script needed] (baoᵘruua)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (bāṃrai) (< PIr. *bŕ̥Hwakah)
- Old Persian: [Term?] (/*baruva/)
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (bwl /bōr/)
- ⇒ Old Persian: [script needed] (gubrᵘuv- /gaubaruva/)
- ⇒ *bʰə́ʷrwas (“food, meal”) (+ *-as)
L̥.H
edit[-labial]L̥.H[-labial]
- *ĵʰə́ras (“strip, band”) (< *ǵʰr̥Hos)
- Sanskrit: हिर (híra)
- *ĉərás (“head”) (< *ḱr̥h₂ós)
- *ĉəríš (“fragment”) (< *ḱr̥h₂ís)
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (sairi)
- *ĉiĉəras (“spring, cold season”) (< *ḱiḱl̥Hos)
- Sanskrit: शिशिर (śíśira)
- *gəríš (“mountain”)
- *ĵʰəranyam (“golden”)
- *stəríš (“straw”) (< *sterh₃-)
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱 (stairiš)
- *tərás (“through”) (< *tr̥h₂ós)
CʷL̥.H[-labial]
C[+lab]L̥.H[-labial]
- *bʰəʷráti (< *bʰr̥h₁éti)
- Sanskrit: भुरति (bhurati)
- *mə́ʷriš (< *merH-[6])
- *pəʷrás (“in front”) (< *pr̥h₂ós[4])
wL̥.H[-labial]
L̥.Hu: Skt. (C)uruAv. (C)oᵘru
- *agrúš (“unmarried”) (< *n̥gʷrús < *n̥gʷr̥h₂ús < *n̥- + *gʷr̥h₂ús[5])
- *gəʷrúš (“heavy”) (< *gʷr̥h₂ús)
- *pəʷrúš (“much”)
- *wəʷrúš (“wide”) (< Lua error in Module:links at line 223: The specified language Proto-Indo-European is unattested, while the given term does not begin with '*' to indicate that it is reconstructed.[7][3])
L̥H
edit[-labial]L̥H{.[-labial], #}
- *HərHsás (“envy”) (< *h₂r̥h₁sós)
- Sanskrit: ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā́)
- Younger Avestan: [script needed] (arᵊšiiaṇt-)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (arejsa)
- *dərHgʰás (“long”)
- *HərHmás (“foreleg”) (< *h₂erh₁-)
- *HərHmáH (“quiet”) (< *Herh₁-)
- *ĵərHnás (“decayed, old”)
- Sanskrit: जीर्ण (jīrṇá)
- *ĵə́rHyati (“to become old”) (< *ǵr̥h₂h₁yéti[8])
- Sanskrit: जीर्यति (jī́ryati)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (ysär), [script needed] (ysīr-)
- *kərHtíš (“fame”) (< *kr̥h₂tís[8][6])
- Sanskrit: कीर्ति (kīrtí)
- *stərHnás (“strewn”)
- Sanskrit: स्तीर्ण (stīrṇá)
- *tərHtʰós (“passage”) (< *tr̥h₂th₂ós)
- Sanskrit: तीर्थ (tīrthá)
- *tərHnás (“crossed”)
- Sanskrit: तीर्ण (tīrṇá)
CʷL̥H{.[-labial], #}
- *gə́rH (“song of praise”) (< *gʷerH- (“to praise”))
- Sanskrit: गीर् (gī́r)
- *gərHnás (“swallowed”) (< *gʷr̥h₃nós[4])
- Sanskrit: गीर्णि (gīrṇá)
- *gərHsmás (< *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós < *gʷreh₂- + *semh₂-)
- Sanskrit: ग्रीष् (grīṣmá, “summer”)
- *gəʷrHtáš (“agreeable”)> (< *gʷr̥Htóš[9][4])
- Sanskrit: गूर्त (gūrtá)
- *gəʷrHtíš (“praise”) (< *gʷr̥Htís[8])
- Sanskrit: गूर्ति (gūrtí)
- *kəʷrHmás (“turtle”) (< *kʷr̥H-mó-s[3])
C[+lab]L̥H{.[-labial], #}
- *bʰəʷrHĵás (“Betula utilis”) (< *bʰerHǵos)[3]
- *məʷrHdʰā́ (“forehead”)
- *pə́ʷrH (“rampart”) (< *tpelH- (“stronghold”))
- Sanskrit: पुर् (pū́r)
- *pəʷrHnás (“full”)
- *pəʷrHtás (“full”)
- Sanskrit: पूर्त (pūrtás)
- *pəʷrHtíš (“reward”) (< *pr̥h₃tís[8])
- Sanskrit: पूर्ति (pūrtí)
wL̥H{.[-labial], #}
- *dʰə́ʷrH (“chariot pole”) (< *dʰewrh₁- (“to harness”))
- Sanskrit: [script needed] (dhū́r)
- *dʰwəʷrHtíš (“damage”) (< *dʰwr̥h₁tís[8])
- Sanskrit: धूर्ति (dhūrtí)
- *Hwə́ʷrHnaH (“wool”)
- *ĵwəʷrHníš (“glow”) (< *ǵwl̥Hnís[8])
- Sanskrit: जूर्णि (jūrní)
- *ĵʰwəʷrHsĉáti (“to fall off”) (< *ǵʰwr̥Hsḱéti[10])
- Sanskrit: हूर्छति (hū́rchati)
- *twəʷrHníš (“quick”) (< *twr̥Hnís[8])
- Sanskrit: तूर्णि (tūrní)
- *twəʷrHtas (“quick”) (< *twr̥Htas)
- Sanskrit: तूर्णि (tūrtás)
- *wəʷrHmíš (“wave”)
- *wəʷrHtám (“pledge, vow”) (< *wr̥h₁tóm)
L̥H.{Cu,w}: Skt. (C)urvaAv. Caᵘruua, #uruua
- *Hbʰəʷrwás (“glabella”) (< *h₃bʰr̥Hwós)
- Sanskrit: ब्रुव (bhruvás)
- *ĉəʷrwás (“horn”)
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (ṣu-), [script needed] (ṣṣu-)
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (slwb' /srū/)
- *HəʷrwáraH (“arable land, crops”, pl.) (< *h₂r̥h₃wéreh₂[11])
- *ĵə́ʷrwr̥ (< *ǵérh₂wr̥)
- *wəʷrweríH (“wife”) (< *wl̥h₁weríh₂[11])
- Sanskrit: उर्वरी (urvarī)
Ĺ̥H.{Cu,w}: Skt. (C)ūrvaAv. (C)a(o)ᵘruua
- *bʰə́ʷrHā (< *bʰréh₁ō ~ *bʰr̥h₁nés)
- ⇒ *bʰə́ʷrHniš (“wild”) (+ *-iš)
- Sanskrit: भूर्णि (bhū́rṇiš)
- ⇒ *bʰə́ʷrHniš (“wild”) (+ *-iš)
- *bʰə́ʷrHwr̥ (“restless motion (of water)”) (< *bʰréh₁wr̥ ~ *bʰr̥h₁wéns)
- *dʰwə́ʷrHwati (“to damage”) (< *dʰwérh₁uti ~ *dʰwr̥h₁wénti[9])
- Sanskrit: धूर्वति (dhū́rvati)
- *ĵə́ʷrHwati (“to consume by heat”) (< *ǵérh₂uti ~ *ǵr̥h₂wénti[9])}
- Sanskrit: जूर्वति (jū́rvati)
- *kə́ʷrHwas (“bald”) (< *kl̥Hwós[11])
- *pə́ʷrHwr̥ (< *pérh₃wr̥ ~ *pr̥h₃wéns)
- ⇒ *pə́ʷrHwaH (“in front of”) (+ *-aH)
- ⇒ *pə́ʷrHwyas (“former”) (+ *-yas)
- *tə́ʷrHwati (“to overcome”) (< *térh₂uti ~ *tr̥h₂wénti[11])
- Sanskrit: तुर्वति (tū́rvati)
- Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tauruuaiieiti)
- ⇒ *tə́ʷrHwiš (“superior”)
- Sanskrit: तूर्वि (tū́rvi)
- Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬌 (tauruui)
L̥HC{.[-labial], #}
- *bʰəʷrHĵyás (“birch”) (< *bʰr̥Hǵyós)[5]
L̥HC.w
- Lua error in Module:links at line 223: The specified language Proto-Indo-Iranian is unattested, while the given term does not begin with '*' to indicate that it is reconstructed.
Development of CY
editStages | Examples | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cw | Cy | |||||||
C_ | R_ | Header text | Header text | C_ | L_ | N_ | S_ | |
PIE | - | *dʰr̥wós | - | - | - | *mr̥yétoy | *ǵʰermyóm | *h₁su- + *yownós |
L̥ > L̥ʷ / _C{u,w} | - | *dʰr̥ʷ.wás | - | - | - | - | - | - |
T,R,S > Cʲ /_{i,y} | - | - | - | - | - | *mr̥ʲ.yá.tay | *ĵʰar.mʲyám | *Hsʷʲyáw.nás |
Cʲy > Ciy; Cʷw > Cuw | - | *dʰrʷu.wás | - | - | - | *mrʲi.yá.tay | *ĵʰar.mʲi.yám | *Hsʷʲiyáw.nás |
PII | - | *dʰrʷuwás | - | - | - | *mrʲiyátay | *ĵʰarmʲiyám | *Hsʷʲiyáwnás |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sanskrit | - | dhruvás | - | - | - | mriyáte | harmᵢyám | sᵢyoná |
T,R,S > Cʲ /_{i,y} | - | - | - | - | - | - | *ĵarʲ.mʲi.yám | - |
PIr | - | *dʰrʷuwáh | - | - | - | *mrʲiyátay | *ĵarʲmʲiyám | *Hhʷʲiyáwnáh |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Avestan | - | druua | - | - | - | °mⁱriieⁱte | zaⁱrⁱmiiāuuaṇt- | huiiaona- |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Khotanese | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Old Persian | - | du-u-ru-u-v-a | - | - | - | °m-r-i-y-t-a | - | - |
Development of L̥C
editStages | Examples | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L̥.C | L̥C.C | L̥.YV́ | Ĺ̥.YV | L̥C.YV | ||||||||||
[-lab]_ | Cʷ_ | C[+lab]_ | _u | [-lab]_ | Cʷ_ | C[+lab]_ | CL̥.w | CL̥.y | CĹ̥.w | CĹ̥.y | L̥C.wV́ | |||
PIE | *gʰr̥dʰós | *kʷr̥néwti | *bʰr̥ǵʰónts | *h₃r̥ǵús | [Term?] | [Term?] | [Term?] | *dʰr̥wós | *mr̥yétoy | [Term?] | [Term?] | *h₃r̥swós | ||
*l̥,*r̥ > *r̥ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
L̥ > L̥ʷ / [+lab]_ | - | *kʷr̥ʷ.náw.ti | *bʰr̥ʷ.ĵʰánts | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Cʷ > C | - | *kr̥ʷ.náw.ti | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
L̥ > L̥ʷ / _C{u,w} | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | *dʰr̥ʷ.wás | - | - | - | *Hr̥ʷs.wás | ||
T,R,S > Cʲ /_{i,y} | - | kr̥ʷ.náw.tʲi | - | - | - | - | - | - | *mr̥ʲ.yá.tay | - | - | - | ||
Cʲy > Ciy; Cʷw > Cuw | - | kr̥ʷ.náw.tʲi | - | - | - | - | - | *dʰrʷu.wás | *mrʲi.yá.tay | - | - | - | ||
PII | *gʰr̥dʰás | *kr̥ʷnáwtʲi | *bʰr̥ʷĵʰánts | *Hr̥ʷĵúš | - | - | - | *dʰrʷuwás | *mrʲiyátay | - | - | *Hr̥ʷšwás | ||
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sanskrit | gṛhás | kṛṇóti | bṛhánt | ṛjúṣ | - | - | - | dhruvás | mriyáte | - | - | ṛṣvás | ||
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
PIr | *gr̥dás | *kr̥ʷnáwtʲi | *br̥ʷĵánts | *Hr̥ʷĵúš | - | - | - | *drʷuwáh | *mrʲiyátay | - | - | *Hr̥ʷšwáh | ||
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Avestan | gərᵊδa | kərᵊnaoⁱti | bərᵊzaṇt | ərᵊzu | - | - | - | druua | °mⁱriieⁱte | - | - | ərᵊšuua | ||
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Khotanese | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Old Persian | - | ku-u-n-u-t-i-y | *br̥ʷdánt | - | - | - | - | du-u-ru-u-v-a | °m-r-i-y-t-a | - | - | - | ||
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Middle Persian | - | kwnyd | bwlnd | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Development of L̥H
editStages | Examples | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L̥.HV́ | L̥H.[-glide]V | L̥H.YV́ | Ĺ̥H.YV | L̥HC.wV́ | |||||||||||
[-lab]_ | Cʷ_ | C[+lab]_ | _u | [-lab]_ | Cʷ_ | C[+lab]_ | #(H)L̥H.w | CL̥H.w | CL̥H.y | CĹ̥H.w | CĹ̥H.y | #(H)_ | |||
PIE | *ḱr̥h₂ós | *gʷr̥h₃éti | *pr̥h₂ós | *gʷr̥h₂ús | *dl̥h₁gʰós | *gʷr̥Htís | *pl̥h₁nós | *h₂r̥h₃wéreh₂ | *ḱr̥h₂wéh₂ | [Term?] | *pérh₃wr̥ | *gʷr̥Hyéh₂ | *r̥h₃dʰwós | ||
*l̥,*r̥ > *r̥ | - | - | - | - | *dr̥h₁.gʰós | - | *pr̥h₁.nós | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
*h₁,*h₂,*h₃ > *H | *ḱr̥.Hós | *gʷr̥.Hó.ti | *pr̥.Hós | *gʷr̥.Húš | *dr̥H.gʰós | - | *pr̥H.nós | *Hr̥.Hwé.raH | *ḱr̥.HwéH | - | *pŕ̥.Hwr̥ | *gʷŕ̥H.yaH | *r̥Hdʰ.wós | ||
L̥ > L̥ʷ / [+labial]_ | - | - | *pr̥ʷ.Hás | - | - | *gʷr̥ʷH.tiš | *pr̥ʷH.nás | - | - | *pŕ̥ʷ.Hwr̥ | *gʷŕ̥ʷH.yaH | - | |||
L̥ > əL / _H | *ĉər.Hás | *gʷər.Há.ti | *pəʷr.Hás | *gʷər.Húš | *dərH.gʰás | *gʷəʷrH.tiš | *pəʷrH.nás | *Hər.Hwá.raH | *ḱər.HwéH | - | *pə́ʷr.Hwr̥ | *gʷə́ʷrH.yaH | *ərHdʰ.wás | ||
Cʷ > C | - | *gər.Há.ti | - | *gər.Húš | - | *gəʷrH.tiš | - | - | - | - | - | *gə́ʷrH.yaH | - | ||
*ə > *əʷ / _C{u,w} | - | - | - | *gəʷr.Húš | - | - | - | *Həʷr.Hwá.raH | *ĉəʷr.HwáH | - | *pə́ʷr.Hwr̥ | - | *əʷrʷHdʰ.wás | ||
PII | *ĉərás | *gəráti | *pəʷrás | *gəʷrúš | *dərHgʰás | *gəʷrHtíš | *pəʷrHnás | *HəʷrwáraH | *ĉəʷrwáH | - | *pə́ʷrHwr̥ + *-aH | *gə́ʷrHyaH | *əʷrHdʰwás | ||
*ə > *i; *əʷ > *u | *śir.ás | *gir.á.ti | *pur.ás | *gur.úš | *dirH.gʰás | *gurH.tiš | *purH.nás | *ur.wá.rā | - | - | *púrH.wā | *gurHyáH | *urHdʰ.wás | ||
V(L)H > V̄(L) | - | - | - | - | *dīr.gʰás | *gūr.tiš | *pūr.nás | *ur.wá.rā | - | - | *pū́r.wā | *gūr.yā́ | *ūrdʰ.wás | ||
Sanskrit | śirás | giráti | purás | gurúš | dīrghás | gūrtíš | pūrṇás | urvárā | - | - | pū́rvā | °gū́rᵢyā | ūrdhvás | ||
*əʷL > *L̥ʷ / _HC₀V́ | - | - | - | - | - | - | *pr̥ʷH.náh | *Hr̥ʷ.Hwá.raH | *ĉr̥ʷ.HwáH | - | - | - | *r̥ʷHd.wáh | ||
H > ∅ / C_ | - | - | - | - | *dər.gáh | - | *pr̥ʷ.náh | *Hr̥ʷ.wá.raH | *ĉr̥ʷ.wáH | - | *pə́ʷr.waH | *gə́ʷr.yaH | *r̥ʷd.wáh | ||
T,R,S > Cʲ /_{i,y}[12] | - | *gər.á.tʲi | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | °gə́ʷrʲ.yaH | - | ||
R > Rʷ /_{u,w} | - | - | - | *gəʷrʷúš | - | - | - | - | - | - | *pə́ʷrʷ.waH | - | - | ||
PIr | *ĉəráh | *gərátʲi | - | *gəʷrʷúš | *dərgáh | - | *pr̥ʷnáh | *Hr̥ʷwáraH | *ĉr̥ʷwáH | - | *pə́ʷrʷwaH | *gə́ʷrʲyaH | *r̥ʷdwáh | ||
H > ː / V_ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | *r̥ʷ.wá.rā | *ĉr̥ʷ.wā́ | - | *pə́ʷrʷ.wā | *gə́ʷrʲ.yā | - | ||
əL > əLᵊ / _C | - | - | - | - | *dərᵊ.gáh | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
ə́L > ə́L̥ / _{p,k} | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
*ə > *a; *ə́ʷ > *a; *əʷ > *u | *ĉar.áh | *gar.á.tʲi | - | *gurʷ.úš | *darᵊ.gáh | - | - | - | - | - | *párʷ.wā | *gárʲ.yā | - | ||
a > e /j_(n)Cʲ[12] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
a > o /C[+lab]_Cʷ[12] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | *pórʷ.wā | - | - | ||
Avestan | sara | jaraⁱti | - | goᵘruš | darᵊga | - | pərᵊna | ᵘruuarā | sruuā | - | poᵘruua | °gaⁱriia | ərᵊδβa | ||
V̄ > V / _R | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
*ai > *ē; *au > *ō | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
*a > *ā / _C₂ | - | - | - | - | *dār.gə́ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
{*a > ī; *ā > e; *ū > vī} / _Cʲ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
*aʷ > ū / _Cʷ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | *pūr.á | - | - | ||
*ē > ī; *ō > ū; *āi > ē | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
V[-stress] > ə | sər.ə́ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
V[-stress] > ∅ / VC_CV | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Khotanese | särä | - | - | ggarkhä | dārä | - | purrä | - | ṣṣua | - | pūra | - | ulä | ||
H > ː / V_ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | *r̥ʷ.wá.rā | *ĉr̥ʷ.wā́ | - | *pə́ʷrʷ.wā | *gə́ʷrʲ.yā | - | ||
*a > *ā / _CC | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
PWI | *ĉəráh | *gəráti | - | *gəʷrúš | *dərgáh | - | *pr̥ʷnáh | *r̥ʷwárā | *ĉr̥ʷwā́ | - | - | - | *r̥ʷdwáh | ||
Old Persian | *saráʰ | - | - | - | dargaʰ | - | *pr̥ʷnáʰ | - | - | - | p-ru-u-v-a | - | *r̥ʷdwáʰ | ||
*ai > *ē; *au > *ō | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
*r̥ > *ər; *r̥ʷ > *əʷr | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Middle Persian | sʾr | - | - | - | dgr | - | pwr | - | - | - | - | - | ʾwl |
References
edit- ^ Kim, Ronald I. (2007) “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics[1], volume 112, →DOI, →ISSN, page 59
- ^ Hinz, Walther (1975) “*krmiča-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)[2] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 152
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][3] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Grestenberger, Laura (2009) The Vedic i-Stems and internal derivation (master's dissertation)[4], Vienna: Universität Wien, Philologisch-Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakultät
- ^ Cantera, Alberto (2017) “The phonology of Iranian”, in Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, volume 1, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, VI. Iranian
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Lubotsky, Alexander (1992) “The Indo-Iranian laryngeal accent shift and its relative chronology”, in Rekonstruktion und relative Chronologie. Akten der VIII. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaf[5], volume 31, Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Lubotsky, Alexander (1997) “The Indo-Iranian reflexes of PIE *CRHUV”, in Sound Law and Analogy. Papers in honor of Robert S.P. Beekes on the occasion of his 60th birthday[6], Amsterdam: Brill
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Kümmel (2007a:278)
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