dod

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dod"

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /dɑd/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /dɒd/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒd

Etymology 1

From Irish dod (“sullenness, anger”).

Noun

dod (plural dods)

1. (Ulster) sulk, huff

Etymology 2

From Scots daud (“large piece”).

Noun

dod (plural dods)

1. (Ireland) lump

Etymology 3

From Middle English dodden.

Alternative forms

• dodd

Verb

dod (third-person singular simple present dods, present participle dodding, simple past and past participle dodded)

1. (transitive) to cut off, as wool from sheep's tails, or horns from a cattle; to lop or clip off
   • 1845, The New Statistical Account of Scotland: Perth:

     Angus-shire dodded cattle

   • 1906, The Flock Book of Wensleydale Blue-faced Sheep, page 57:

     Messrs. Toogood and Son’s Bronze Championship Medal for best dodded sheep of any pure breed.

Etymology 4

Abbreviation of "Tommy Dodd".

Noun

dod (plural dods)

1. (rail transport, UK) A ground signal, such as a shunting disc.
   • 1951 October, Norman Crump, “Signalling at Thorpe-le-Soken”, in Railway Magazine, page 649:

     Shunting discs (or "dods") are generously provided, and following modern practice, most of them permit a movement in any direction for which the road is set.

See also

• hoddy-dod (etymologically unrelated)

Anagrams

• -odd, DDO, ODD, odd

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɔd̪ˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /d̪ˠʌd̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

Related to Scottish Gaelic dod; both are of uncertain origin, perhaps imitative.

Noun

dod m (genitive singular doid)

1. sullenness, anger
2. restiveness

Declension

Declension of dod

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative dod Vocative a dhoid Genitive doid Dative dod

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an dod Genitive an doid Dative leis an dod don dod

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• ad, dod', dot

Contraction

dod (triggers lenition)

1. (Munster) Contraction of do do (“to your sg, for your sg”).

   Tabhair aire dod ghnóthaí féin! ― Mind your own business!

Related terms

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
	an (“the sg”)	na (“the pl”)	mo (“my”)	do (“your”)	a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár (“our”)	ar (“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded*, det*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do (“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod*, dot*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi (“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i (“in”)	sa, san	sna	i mo im*	i do id*, it*	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le (“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led*, let*	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó (“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód*, ót*	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí (“through”)	tríd an	trí na	trí mo	trí do	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
dod	dhod	ndod
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “dod”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “dod”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “dod” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “dod” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
• MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “dod”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[1], Stirling, →ISBN, page dod

Latvian

Verb

dod

1. inflection of dot:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. third-person plural present indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of dot
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of dot

Welsh

Alternative forms

• dyfod (literary)
• dŵad (North Wales)

Etymology

From older, now literary, dyfod, from Middle Welsh dyuot. A highly suppletive verb. The verbal noun is from dy- +‎ bod (“to be”). The other forms are from Proto-Celtic *toageti, itself also a suppletive verb (stemming from *h₂eǵ- and *pelh₂-). See also Old Irish do·aig (“to drive off”). See also mynd, which inherited the unprefixed counterparts of this verb. The second-person singular imperative forms additionally stem from a prefixed form of *reteti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /doːd/
• Rhymes: -oːd

Verb

dod (first-person singular present dof)

1. to come

   Mae hi'n dod o Abertawe.

   She comes from Swansea.

   Mae e'n dod i Gaerdydd. (Southern)

   He is coming to Cardiff.

   Dw i'n dŵad o Fangor. (Northern)

   I come from Bangor.

   Dan ni'n dŵad adre 'fory. (Northern)

   We're coming home tomorrow.

   Mae Dafydd yn dod o'r dde yn wreiddiol, ond mae o'n byw 'ma rŵan. (Northern)

   Dafydd comes from the south originally, but he lives here now.

   Wnes i ddod. (an example of the Preterite II construction)

   I came.

2. to become (followed by yn + noun or adjective)

   dod yn ddyn perffaith ― to become a perfect person

   dod yn fawr ― to become big

Conjugation

Conjugation

Literary forms	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	deuaf, dof	deui, doi	daw, dêl	deuwn, down	deuwch, dewch, dowch	deuant, dônt	deuir, doir
imperfect indicative/conditional	deuwn, down	deuit, doit, deuet	deuai, dôi	deuem, doem	deuech, doech	deuent, doent	deuid, doid, doed
preterite	deuthum	daethost	daeth	daethom	daethoch	daethont, daethant	daethpwyd, deuwyd, doed, dowd
pluperfect	daethwn	daethit	daethai	daethem	daethech	daethent	daethid
present subjunctive	delwyf	delych, delech	dêl, delo	delom	deloch	delont	deler
imperfect subjunctive	delwn	delit	delai	delem	delech	delent	delid
imperative	—	dere, tyrd, tyred	deued, doed, deled	deuwn, down	deuwch, dewch, dowch	deuent, doent, delent	deuer, doer, deler
verbal noun	dod, dyfod, dywad, dŵad
verbal adjectives	dyfodol

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
preterite	des i, dois i, deles i, deses i, dethes i, detho i	dest ti, doist ti, delest ti, desest ti, dethest ti	daeth o/e/hi, dôth o/e/hi, delodd e/hi, desodd e/hi, dethodd e/hi	daethon ni, delon ni, deson ni, dethon ni	daethoch chi, deloch chi, desoch chi, dethoch chi	daethon nhw, delon nhw, deson nhw, dethon nhw
future	dof i, do i, daf i, da i	doi di, dei di	daw o/e/hi, deith o/e/hi, deiff e/hi	down ni, dawn ni, dewn ni	dewch chi	dôn nhw, dân nhw, dewn nhw
conditional	down i, delwn i, delen i, deswn i, dethwn i	doet ti, delet ti, deset ti, dethet ti	dôi o/e/hi, delai fe/hi, desai fe/hi, dethai fe/hi	doen ni, delen ni, desen ni, dethen ni	doech chi, delech chi, desech chi, dethech chi	doen nhw, delen nhw, desen nhw, dethen nhw
imperative	—	tyrd, dere	—	—	dewch, dowch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• dod â (“to bring”)
• dod o hyd (“to find”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
dod	ddod	nod	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.