See also:
U+718A, 熊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-718A

[U+7189]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+718B]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 86, +10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心火 (IPF), four-corner 21331, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 679, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19294
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1090, character 32
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2227, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+718A

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
𤌶
𤠗
𪏛
𧰯
 
Wikipedia has an article on:
 
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

According to Shuowen, phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɢʷlɯm) : semantic (bear) + abbreviated phonetic (OC *ɦlam).

This character originally represented an onomatopoetic word (熊熊 (xióngxióng, “(of flame) raging”)). Later its semantic component (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ), the character for the Old Chinese word "bear", was borrowed for another word. This character thus began to represent the word "bear" instead.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-wam. Cognate with Tibetan དོམ (dom, bear), Burmese ဝံ (wam) (in ဝက်ဝံ (wak-wam, bear)).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hîm - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • hiông - literary.
Note:
  • hing5 - Chenghai;
  • him5 - other places.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ɕyŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ɕyŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕyŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕyŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕyuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕyŋ²⁴/
Xining /ɕyə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕyŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕỹn⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕyŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕioŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕyoŋ³¹/
Guiyang /ɕioŋ²¹/
Kunming /ɕiŋ³¹/
Nanjing /ɕioŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕyŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦioŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦioŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /joŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ɕioŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɕin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiuŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /iuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ²¹/
Nanning /juŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /huŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiɔŋ³⁵/
/him³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xœyŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /him⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hiɔŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (35)
Final () (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter hjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦuwŋ/
Li
Rong
/ɣiuŋ/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jung4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xióng
Middle
Chinese
‹ hjuwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.[ɢ]ʷ(r)əm/
English bear (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13906
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷlɯm/

Definitions

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  1. bear (mammal) (Classifier: m;  m c mn)
  2. (colloquial) to scold (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  3. (colloquial) timid; cowardly
  4. (Northeastern Mandarin) to bully; to extort
  5. (gay slang) bear (large, hairy man, especially a homosexual one)
  6. (archaic, Muping and Xining Mandarin, Xinzhou Jin) black bear
  7. a surname: Xiong (mainland China); Hsiung (Taiwan); Hung (Hong Kong)
      ―  Xióng Shílì  ―  Xiong Shili (20th-century Chinese philosopher)

Synonyms

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  • (bear):
  • (to scold):
  • (timid):
  • (black bear):

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. bear

Readings

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  • Go-on: (u)
  • Kan-on: ゆう ()
  • Kun: くま (kuma, , Jōyō)
  • Nanori: かげ (kage)

Compounds

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Etymology

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(kuma): a brown bear.
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
くま
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Further derivation is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(くま) or (クマ) (kuma

  1. [from 712] a bear (large mammal of family Ursidae)
  2. [from 1701] (slang) hairiness in general; (more specifically) a bear, an otter (a hairy man, especially one who is gay)
  3. [???] (theater) standing room only audience members in the pit (from the way the standing section would often have a metal railing or fence separating it, resembling a bear cage)

Usage notes

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As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クマ.

Derived terms

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Prefix

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(くま) or (クマ) (kuma

  1. [from 712] prefixed to other nouns for animals or plants to indicate large size or great strength, relative to other varieties

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC hjuwng).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅘᅮᇰ (Yale: hhwùng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 곰〯 (Yale: kwǒm) 우ᇰ (Yale: wùng)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (gom ung))

  1. hanja form? of (bear)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. bear

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
くま
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese (kuma, bear) and Korean (gom).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(くま) (kuma

  1. bear

References

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  • くま【熊】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: hùng

  1. bear