蛇
|
Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character edit
蛇 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中戈十心 (LIJP), four-corner 53111, composition ⿰虫它)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1080, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32964
- Dae Jaweon: page 1548, character 36
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2845, character 8
- Unihan data for U+86C7
Chinese edit
simp. and trad. |
蛇 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms |
Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 蛇 | ||
---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). 它 was also the original pictographic form of this character.
Etymology 1 edit
Unclear. Various theories have been proposed:
- Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lăj (“snake”), comparing this with Mizo hlai-ba (“a species of snake”) and Jingpho palai (“a species of iguana”). He also compares it to Proto-Kam-Sui *dzuːi² (“snake”). Schuessler (2007) considers these Tibeto-Burman forms to be unrelated.
- Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT.
- Sagart (2005) relates it to Proto-Loloish *lay¹/² (“python”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-lja(ŋ/k) (“python”), as well as Proto-Austronesian *bulay (“snake”). Comparison with the Austronesian form has been challenged by Orlandi (2018).
- Schuessler (2007) notes similarity to Proto-Hlai *ljaːɦ (“snake”) (from Pre-Hlai *Cilaːɦ) as well as to Austronesian words, such as Rade ala (“snake”), but considers the Kra-Dai forms to be possible borrowings from Chinese. (He does not seem to address the Austronesian forms directly.) In his view, a more likely relationship is with the /-lé/ in Khmer រលេ (rɔlei, “sinuously, in a twisting or wiggling manner (as a snake swimming)”). In Old Chinese, this also provides the second syllable in 委蛇 (OC *qrol lal, “winding; compliant; graceful”). 蛇 (“the winding thing”) is then a euphemism for common Sino-Tibetan 虺 (OC *hŋlulʔ, “snake”) for taboo reasons.
- Zhengzhang (2011) relates it to Proto-Austronesian *SulaR (“snake”).
Pronunciation 1 edit
Definitions edit
蛇
- snake; serpent (Classifier: 條/条 m c; 尾 m mn)
- 耶和華神對女人說:「你做的是甚麼事呢?」女人說:「那蛇引誘我,我就吃了。」 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:13
- Yēhéhuá Shén duì nǚrén shuō: “Nǐ zuò de shì shènme shì ne?” Nǚrén shuō: “Nà shé yǐnyòu wǒ, wǒ jiù chī le.” [Pinyin]
- And the Lord God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat.
耶和华神对女人说:「你做的是什么事呢?」女人说:「那蛇引诱我,我就吃了。」 [MSC, simp.]-
- 蟹六跪而二螯,非蛇蟺之穴無可寄託者,用心躁也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- Xiè liù guì ér èr áo, fēi shé shàn zhī xué wú kě jì tuō zhě, yòng xīn zào yě. [Pinyin]
- A crab has six feet and two pincers, but it cannot live without the holes of snakes and eels, it is because it has an uncalm heart.
蟹六跪而二螯,非蛇蟺之穴无可寄托者,用心躁也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- illegal immigrant
- (Cantonese) to shirk one's duty; to be lazy on the job
- (Cantonese, poker) straight
- (regional, pathology) herpes zoster; shingles
- a surname
Synonyms edit
- (snake):
Descendants edit
Compounds edit
- 一蛇二首
- 一龍一蛇/一龙一蛇
- 丈八蛇矛 (Zhàng bā shémáo)
- 五步蛇
- 人蛇 (rénshé)
- 佛口蛇心 (fókǒushéxīn)
- 倒拔蛇
- 兩頭蛇/两头蛇 (liǎngtóushé)
- 四腳蛇/四脚蛇 (sìjiǎoshé)
- 土錦蛇/土锦蛇
- 地土蛇
- 地頭蛇/地头蛇 (dìtóushé)
- 夢蛇/梦蛇
- 封豕長蛇/封豕长蛇
- 屈蛇
- 巨蛇座 (Jùshézuò)
- 巴蛇 (bāshé)
- 巴蛇吞象
- 巴蛇食象
- 常山蛇
- 常山蛇勢/常山蛇势
- 弓影杯蛇
- 弓蛇
- 影中蛇
- 打草驚蛇/打草惊蛇 (dǎcǎojīngshé)
- 拿死蛇
- 捕蛇去齒/捕蛇去齿
- 握蛇騎虎/握蛇骑虎
- 撥草尋蛇/拨草寻蛇
- 斬蛇/斩蛇
- 斬蛇逐鹿/斩蛇逐鹿
- 春蚓秋蛇
- 杯弓蛇影 (bēigōng-shéyǐng)
- 杯蛇鬼車/杯蛇鬼车
- 枳首蛇
- 歲在龍蛇/岁在龙蛇
- 毒蛇 (dúshé)
- 毒蛇猛獸/毒蛇猛兽
- 水蛇 (shuǐshé)
- 水蛇腰 (shuǐshéyāo)
- 海蛇 (hǎishé)
- 海蛇水母
- 為蛇添足/为蛇添足
- 為蛇畫足/为蛇画足
- 牛鬼蛇神 (niúguǐshéshén)
- 畫蛇添足/画蛇添足 (huàshétiānzú)
- 畫蛇著足/画蛇著足
- 白花蛇 (báihuāshé)
- 白蛇
- 白蛇傳/白蛇传 (Báishézhuàn)
- 百步蛇 (bǎibùshé)
- 百節蛇/百节蛇
- 盤蛇/盘蛇
- 盲蛇 (mángshé)
- 眼鏡蛇/眼镜蛇 (yǎnjìngshé)
- 窟裡拔蛇/窟里拔蛇
- 筆走龍蛇/笔走龙蛇 (bǐzǒulóngshé)
- 簷蛇/檐蛇
- 草花蛇
- 蘄蛇/蕲蛇
- 虎頭蛇尾/虎头蛇尾 (hǔtóushéwěi)
- 虺蛇入夢/虺蛇入梦
- 蛇信
- 蛇匪
- 蛇口蜂針/蛇口蜂针
- 蛇吞象
- 蛇心佛口
- 蛇拳
- 蛇木
- 蛇皮松
- 蛇神
- 蛇符
- 蛇紋石/蛇纹石 (shéwénshí)
- 蛇羹 (shégēng)
- 蛇船
- 蛇苺
- 蛇蛻/蛇蜕 (shétuì)
- 蛇蠍/蛇蝎 (shéxiē)
- 蛇蠍心腸/蛇蝎心肠 (shéxiēxīncháng)
- 蛇蠍美人/蛇蝎美人 (shéxiē měirén)
- 蛇行 (shéxíng)
- 蛇足 (shézú)
- 蛇頭/蛇头 (shétóu)
- 蛇頭鼠眼/蛇头鼠眼
- 蛇麻
- 蛇鼠一窩/蛇鼠一窝 (shéshǔyīwō)
- 蛇龍尖/蛇龙尖 (Shélóngjiān)
- 螣蛇 (téngshé)
- 蟒蛇 (mǎngshé)
- 行行蛇蚓
- 赤練蛇/赤练蛇
- 軹首蛇/轵首蛇
- 金蛇
- 銀環蛇/银环蛇 (yínhuánshé)
- 錦蛇/锦蛇 (jǐnshé)
- 靈蛇之珠/灵蛇之珠
- 靈蛇髻/灵蛇髻
- 青蛇 (qīngshé)
- 響尾蛇/响尾蛇 (xiǎngwěishé)
- 飛蛇/飞蛇
- 養虺成蛇/养虺成蛇
- 騰蛇/腾蛇
- 驚蛇入草/惊蛇入草
- 魔術蛇/魔术蛇
- 龍蛇/龙蛇 (lóngshé)
- 龍蛇之章/龙蛇之章
- 龍蛇字/龙蛇字
- 龍蛇混雜/龙蛇混杂 (lóngshéhùnzá)
- 龍蛇渾雜/龙蛇浑杂
- 龍蛇陣/龙蛇阵
- 龍蛇雜處/龙蛇杂处
- 龍蛇飛動/龙蛇飞动
- 龍頭蛇尾/龙头蛇尾
- 龜蛇二將/龟蛇二将
Pronunciation 2 edit
Definitions edit
蛇
- Used in 蛇蛇 (“facile (of words); calmly; leisurely”).
- Used in 委蛇 (wēiyí, “winding; meandering; pretending interest and sympathy”).
Compounds edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
蛇
- (Cantonese) sir (used when addressing policemen or male schoolteachers)
Compounds edit
See also edit
- (Chinese zodiac signs) 鼠 (shǔ), 牛 (niú), 虎 (hǔ), 兔 (tù), 龍/龙 (lóng), 蛇 (shé), 馬/马 (mǎ), 羊 (yáng), 猴 (hóu), 雞/鸡 (jī), 狗 (gǒu), 豬/猪 (zhū) (Category: zh:Chinese zodiac signs)
References edit
- “蛇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03624
- “Entry #7843”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: じゃ (ja, Jōyō)←じや (zya, historical); た (ta); い (i)
- Kan-on: しゃ (sha)←しや (sya, historical); た (ta); い (i)
- Kan’yō-on: だ (da, Jōyō)
- Kun: へび (hebi, 蛇, Jōyō); くちなわ (kuchinawa, 蛇)←くちなは (kutinafa, 蛇, historical)
Compounds edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
へび Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
/pemi/ → /ɸemi/ → /ɸebi/ → /hebi/
Shift from older hemi (see below).[1][2] The medial /m/ lost its nasal quality to become a plosive.
Appears in texts from the 1300s.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- a snake, serpent
- 1999 March 6, “デビル・スネーク [Devil Snake]”, in Starter Box, Konami:
- 目が一つしかないヘビ。冷気をはき出し、相手を氷づけにする。
- Me ga hitotsu shikanai hebi. Reiki o hakidashi, aite o kōrizuke ni suru.
- A single-eyed snake that breathes out frigid air to freeze its opponents.
- 目が一つしかないヘビ。冷気をはき出し、相手を氷づけにする。
- 1999 May 27, “生き血をすするもの”, in Vol.3, Konami:
- 暗闇の中、道行く人々を襲う人型の吸血ヘビ。
- Kurayami no naka, michiyuku hitobito o osou hitogata no kyūketsu hebi.
- A humanoid blood-sucking serpent who assaults passerby from the dark.
- 暗闇の中、道行く人々を襲う人型の吸血ヘビ。
- 2000 May 1, “グラップラー”, in BOOSTER 7, Konami:
- ずるがしこいヘビ。太くて長い身体で締め付ける攻撃に注意!
- Zurugashikoi hebi. Futokute nagai shintai de shimetsukeru kōgeki ni chūi!
- Watch out! This devious serpent will grapple you tight with its long and thick body!
- ずるがしこいヘビ。太くて長い身体で締め付ける攻撃に注意!
- a snake (treacherous person)
Usage notes edit
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ヘビ.
Derived terms edit
- 蛇苺 (hebīchigo)
- 蛇貝 (hebigai)
- 蛇神 (hebigami)
- 蛇食鷲 (hebikui washi)
- 蛇座 (Hebiza, “Serpens”)
- 蛇責め (hebizeme)
- 蛇遣い (hebitsukai)
- 蛇毒 (hebidoku)
- 蛇蜻蛉 (hebitonbo)
- 蛇寝御座 (hebinonegoza)
- 蛇不登 (hebinoborazu)
- 蛇の殻 (hebi no kara)
- 蛇の衣 (hebi no kinu)
- 蛇婿入り (hebi muko iri)
- 雨傘蛇 (amagasa hebi)
- 海蛇 (umihebi)
- がらがら蛇 (garagarahebi)
- 烏蛇 (karasuhebi)
- 金蛇 (kanahebi), 蛇舅母 (kanahebi)
- 川蛇 (kawahebi)
- 鎖蛇 (kusarihebi)
- 縞蛇 (shimahebi)
- 白蛇 (shirohebi)
- 毒蛇 (dokuhebi)
- 錦蛇 (nishikihebi)
- 裸蛇 (hadakahebi)
- 水蛇座 (Mizuhebiza)
- 眼鏡蛇 (meganehebi)
- 盲蛇 (mekurahebi)
- 藪蛇 (yabuhebi)
Idioms edit
Proverbs edit
- 蛇に嚙まれて朽ち縄に怖じる (hebi ni kamarete kuchinawa ni ojiru)
- 蛇に見込まれた蛙 (hebi ni mikomareta kaeru)
- 蛇の道は蛇 (ja no michi wa hebi)
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
へみ Grade: S |
irregular |
⟨pe2mi1⟩ → */pəɨmʲi/ → /pemi/ → /ɸemi/ → /hemi/
From Old Japanese.
Derivation theories include:
- Possibly cognate with Korean 뱀 (baem, “snake”).
- Possibly related to, or influenced by, Old Japanese-derived verb 食む (hamu, “to bite”).
- Possibly also related to 波布 (habu, “a kind of poisonous pit viper native to Okinawa”).
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
くちなわ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Extension of 朽ち縄 (kuchinawa, literally “rotten rope”),[1][2][4][5] as such a rope resembles the appearance of a snake.
朽ち縄 (kuchinawa) itself is from くち (kuchi, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb くちる (“to rot”).) + 縄 (nawa, “rope”)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
蛇 • (kuchinawa) ←くちなは (kutinafa)?
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
じゃ Grade: S |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 蛇 (MC zyae).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Proverbs edit
Affix edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 5 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
だ Grade: S |
kan’yōon |
Confusion of pronunciation with 陀 (da) via phonetic radical 它.
Affix edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 6 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
蛇 |
い Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 蛇 (MC ye).
Affix edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Chinese 蛇 (MC zyae).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | ᄇᆡ얌〯 (Yale: pòyyǎm) | 샤 (Yale: syà) |
Hanja edit
蛇 (eumhun 뱀 사 (baem sa)) or 蛇 (eumhun 긴 뱀 사 (gin baem sa))
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Chinese 蛇 (MC ye).
Hanja edit
Oki-No-Erabu edit
Kanji edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Japanese 蛇 (hebi).
Noun edit
蛇 (hibi)
Okinawan edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Chinese 蛇 (MC zyae).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
蛇 (jā)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Cognate with Japanese 蛇 (hebi).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
蛇 (fību)
References edit
Old Japanese edit
Etymology edit
Derivation theories include:
- Possibly cognate with modern Korean 뱀 (baem, “snake”).
- Possibly related to or influenced by the verb 食む (pamu, “to bite”).
Compounds edit
- 大蛇 (woroti)
Noun edit
蛇 (pe2mi1) (kana へみ)
- a snake, serpent
- 711–712, Kojiki, (First scroll, Ōkuninushi no mikoto):
Derived terms edit
- 四つの蛇 (yo2tu no2 pe2mi1)
Descendants edit
- Japanese: 蛇 (hemi → hebi)
References edit
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
蛇: Hán Nôm readings: xà, thạch
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.