豚
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
豚 (Kangxi radical 152, 豕+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月一尸人 (BMSO), four-corner 71232, composition ⿰月豕)
- small pig, suckling pig
- used in names for dolphins and porpoises in combination with other characters, such as in 海豚 (dolphin).
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1194, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36352
- Dae Jaweon: page 1657, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3611, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8C5A
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 豚 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 肉 (“meat”) + 豕 (“pig”).
Etymology 1Edit
| trad. | 豚 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 豚 | |
| alternative forms | 豘 肫 | |
Probably related to 彖 (OC *l̥ʰoːns, “running pig”) and 貒 (OC *tʰoːn, “hog badger”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Outside of Chinese, it is probably related to Proto-Mien *duŋᴮ (“pig”) (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007; Ratliff, 2010).
Vovin speculates a link to Common Turkic *toŋuz (“pig”) and Middle Korean 돝 (twòth, “pig”) (Vovin, 2011).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
豚
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 豚 – see 䐁 (“vulva; the buttocks, rump; etc.”). (This character, 豚, is a variant form of 䐁.) |
Etymology 3Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 豚 – see 墩 (“mound”). (This character, 豚, is an obsolete form of 墩.) |
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 猪豚 (inobuta, “wild boar-pig hybrid”)
- 海豚 (iruka, “dolphin”)
- 黒豚 (kurobuta, “Berkshire pig”)
- 酢豚 (subuta, “sweet-and-sour pork”)
- 土豚 (tsuchibuta, “aardvark”)
- 豚カツ (tonkatsu, “tonkatsu”)
- 豚血下地 (tonketsushitaji)
- 豚犬 (tonken, “pig and dog; fool; my child”)
- 豚骨 (tonkotsu, “tonkotsu”)
- 豚コレラ (tonkorera): hog cholera
- 豚脂 (tonshi, “lard”)
- 豚児 (tonji, “piglet; my child”)
- 豚舎 (tonsha, “pigsty (enclosure where pigs are kept)”)
- 豚汁 (tonjiru), 豚汁 (butajiru, “pork miso soup”)
- 豚足 (tonsoku, “pig's trotters”)
- 河豚 (fugu), 河豚 (katon): blowfish
- 豚尾猿 (butaozaru, “southern pig-tailed macaque”)
- 豚草 (butakusa, “common ragweed”)
- 豚小屋 (butagoya, “pigsty (enclosure where pigs are kept); pigsty (dirty or very untidy place)”)
- 豚しゃぶ (butashabu)
- 豚肉 (butaniku), 豚肉 (tonniku, “pork”)
- 豚に真珠 (buta ni shinju, “pearls before swine”)
- 豚の饅頭 (buta no manjū, “cyclamen”)
- 豚箱 (butabako, “police cell”)
- 豚鼻蝙蝠 (butabanakōmori, “Kitti's hog-nosed bat”)
- 豚饅 (butaman, “nikuman”)
- 豚もおだてりゃ木に登る (buta mo odaterya ki ni boru)
- ミニ豚 (minibuta, “minipig”)
- 焼き豚 (yakibuta, “char siu, a style of barbecue pork wherein the meat is trussed, marinated, skewered, and then roasted”)
- 養豚 (yōton, “porciculture”)
- 豚丼 (butadon): pork donburi
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 豚 |
| ぶた Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 豕 |
First attested in the mid-Muromachi period, some time in the late 1480s.[1]
Derivation ultimately unknown.
Some sources list possible theories:[2][3][4]
- A shift from 太 (futo, “fatty (fat individual), fatness”)
- The vowel shift and voicing required to go from futo to buta seem problematic, considering Japanese sound shift patterns.
- An onomatopoeia from the sound the animal makes, realized in Japanese as ブー (bū)
- The final -ta remains unexplained.
- Some combination of the two above
- A shift from 猪太 (ibuto, literally “swine + fatty”)
- Attestable online, but not found in Japanese etymological resources. Difficult to judge provenance or timing.
- A borrowing from Korean or Mongolian
The word butakal appears in several languages of the Philippines with a sense of boar (male pig), suggesting a possible source. However, any connection with an Austronesian language is only speculation.
The kanji is from Chinese 豚 (tún, “suckling pig”). Compare Japanese 猪 (inoshishi, “boar”) from Chinese 猪 (“pig”) and Japanese 猿 (saru, “monkey”) from Chinese 猿 (yuán, “ape”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- [from late 1480s] pig; swine
- [from 1703] (derogatory) a fat person, an unattractive woman
- [from 1846] pork (the meat)
- [from 1960] a wild boar
- Synonym: 猪 (i, inoshishi)
- [from 1723] a hand of cards worth zero (such as 8–9–3 totalling 20, which is equivalent to zero), in Baccarat-like three-card games such as おいちょかぶ
- 1723 (享保八年), 竹田出雲 [Takeda Izumo] and 和田文耕堂 [Matsuda Bunkōdō],〈大塔宮曦鎧〉 [Ōtō no Miya Asahi no Yoroi]
- しらがまじりがまく歌流多。かはゝ川越播磨ノ守。六々八のひつはりぶた。先六はらのあたまをちよつる。次のかるたは八九三。是もめでたし鎌倉ぶた。根こぎにしやんとかき込し親は。二三四のぼり九寸。
- 1723 (享保八年), 竹田出雲 [Takeda Izumo] and 和田文耕堂 [Matsuda Bunkōdō],〈大塔宮曦鎧〉 [Ōtō no Miya Asahi no Yoroi]
- [from ???] (colloquial, poker) synonym of ハイカード (hai kādo, “high card”): a no pair, a hand without even a pair (probably a modification of the term for a zero-valued card hand)
- 2000 July 7 [May 17 2000], Amagi, Seimaru; Sato, Fumiya, “FILE 1 殺人ポーカー Unlucky Men in the Rain 〈問題編〉 [FILE 1: Murderous Poker: Unlucky Men in the Rain ‹Problem›]”, in 明智警視の優雅なる事件簿 [Superintendent Akechi Elegant Case Files] (fiction), 3rd edition, Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:
- 赤菱さんのカードは８とＪのツーペア‥‥三矢さんはＡのスリーカード 雲間さんはＱのワンペア 緑川さんは役なし‥‥
- Akabishi-san no kādo wa hachi to jakku no tsū-pea... Mitsuya-san wa ēsu no surī-kādo, Kumoma-san wa kuīn no wan-pea, Midorikawa-san wa buta...
- Akabishi-san’s hand would have a two pair, eights and jacks‥‥ Mitsuya-san’s a three of a kind, aces. Kumoma-san’s a one pair, queens. Midorikawa-san’s a high card...
Derived termsEdit
- → Ainu: プタ (puta)
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “豚・豕”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- ^ 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”), entry for buta available online here (in Japanese)
- ^ 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”), entry for buta available online here (in Japanese)
- ^ 由来・語源辞典 (Yurai / Gogen Jiten, “Derivation / Etymology Dictionary”), entry for buta available online here (in Japanese)
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 豚 (MC duən).
Recorded as Middle Korean 똔 (Yale: ttwon) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 돈 (twon) (Yale: twon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
豚
ReadingsEdit
EtymologyEdit
/ʔuwaː/ → /ʔwaː/
Cognate to Yoron っわー ('wā, “pig”), Toku-No-Shima っわー ('wā, “pig”), Miyako わー (wā, vā, “pig”), Yaeyama おー (ō, “pig”) and Yonaguni わー (wā, “pig”).
Possibly related to Japanese 豚 (buta, “pig, swine, hog”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “っわー・うゎー・ぅわー【豚・豕】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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