農
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Translingual
editHan character
edit農 (Kangxi radical 161, 辰+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿田一一女 (TWMMV), four-corner 55232, composition ⿱曲辰)
Derived characters
edit- 儂, 𠘊, 噥, 𡢿, 嶩, 𢐪, 憹, 擃, 濃, 㺜, 𮞀, 𣋏, 檂, 燶, 禯, 膿, 䁸, 䃩, 穠, 襛, 繷, 𦗳, 𧓅, 𪞽, 𨑊, 譨, 𨆞, 𮜻, 𨐺, 醲, 𨲳, 𫓒, 𩟊, 𩼅, 𪇌, 䵜, 𬉰, 𬍎, 𪒬, 齈
- 𣰊, 𪆯, 蕽, 𫧪, 𥵛, 𩅽, 鬞, 癑, 𢖢, 欁
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1252, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38688
- Dae Jaweon: page 1733, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3607, character 3
- Unihan data for U+8FB2
Chinese
edit| trad. | 農 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 农 | |
| alternative forms | 辳／农 | |
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 農 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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In its current form, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 曲 + 辰 (“field”). Top unrelated to 曲, and previously two hands, one on either side of a bundle 田 – a farmer bringing goods to market, from the field 辰.
Etymology
editProbably Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 耨 (OC *noːɡs, *nuːɡ, “hoe, rake; to weed”), possibly derived from it with the terminative suffix *-ŋ for action with a goal, i.e. "to get a field hoed" > "cultivated"; compare 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”) from 無 (OC *ma, “(there is) no”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Huang (2000), Norman (1983) and Zhou (1986) hypothesised that this is the same etymon as 儂 (OC *nuːŋ, “person, I, me”). See there for more.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nong2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lung4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): neng1
- Northern Min (KCR): nǒ̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): nŭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6non
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): long2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nóng
- Wade–Giles: nung2
- Yale: núng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nong
- Palladius: нун (nun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nong2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lung
- Sinological IPA (key): /noŋ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nung4
- Yale: nùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: nung4
- Guangdong Romanization: nung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nuung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdɵŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /luŋ³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nùng
- Hakka Romanization System: nungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nung2
- Sinological IPA: /nuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: neng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /nə̃ŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nǒ̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɔŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- lâng - vernacular;
- lông - literary.
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 農 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /nuŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /nəŋ²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /nu⁴⁵/ /nuŋ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /nuŋ⁴²/ /nu⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /nu⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /nuŋ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /luŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /luə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /nuŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /lũn⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /luŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /noŋ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /noŋ³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /noŋ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /noŋ³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /loŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ləŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /nəŋ¹¹/ /nuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /nəŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /nə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /noŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /noŋ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /noŋ²¹³/ /ȵioŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /noŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /lʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /lin¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /loŋ¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /nən¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /luŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /nuŋ¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /nuŋ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /noŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /nuŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /nuŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lɔŋ³⁵/ /laŋ³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /nuŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /nɔŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /loŋ⁵⁵/ /naŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /noŋ³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: nowng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[o]ŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*nuːŋ/
Definitions
edit農
- to cultivate; to farm
- land cultivation; farming; agriculture
- farmer; grower
- (Catholicism) Nun
- a surname
Synonyms
edit- (farmer):
- (Nun): (Protestantism) 嫩 (nèn)
Compounds
edit- 三農／三农 (sānnóng)
- 不奪農時／不夺农时
- 不違農時／不违农时 (bùwéinóngshí)
- 中農／中农 (zhōngnóng)
- 佃農／佃农 (diànnóng)
- 僱農／雇农 (gùnóng)
- 先農／先农 (xiānnóng)
- 劉半農／刘半农
- 加農炮／加农炮 (jiānóngpào)
- 務農／务农 (wùnóng)
- 勞農／劳农 (láonóng)
- 勸農／劝农 (quànnóng)
- 卡農／卡农 (kǎnóng)
- 司農／司农 (sīnóng)
- 合作農場／合作农场
- 士農工商／士农工商 (shìnónggōngshāng)
- 大農／大农
- 大農經營／大农经营
- 契約農業／契约农业
- 寓兵於農／寓兵于农
- 小農／小农 (xiǎonóng)
- 工農兵／工农兵 (gōngnóngbīng)
- 市民農園／市民农园
- 布農族／布农族 (bùnóngzú)
- 弘農／弘农 (Hóngnóng)
- 歸農／归农 (guīnóng)
- 生態農業／生态农业 (shēngtài nóngyè)
- 省農科院／省农科院 (Shěngnóngkēyuàn)
- 神農架／神农架 (Shénnóngjià)
- 神農氏／神农氏
- 神農獎／神农奖
- 穀賤傷農／谷贱伤农
- 稻農／稻农
- 童農／童农
- 粗放農業／粗放农业
- 老農／老农 (lǎonóng)
- 自耕農／自耕农
- 茶農／茶农 (chánóng)
- 莊農／庄农
- 菜農／菜农 (càinóng)
- 菸農／烟农 (yānnóng)
- 華農東／华农东 (Huánóngdōng)
- 華農西／华农西 (Huánóngxī)
- 蔗農／蔗农
- 蕉農／蕉农
- 藥農／药农 (yàonóng)
- 農事／农事 (nóngshì)
- 農人／农人 (nóngrén)
- 農作／农作 (nóngzuò)
- 農作物／农作物 (nóngzuòwù)
- 農保／农保
- 農具／农具 (nóngjù)
- 農功／农功 (nónggōng)
- 農務／农务 (nóngwù)
- 農友／农友
- 農圃／农圃
- 農地／农地 (nóngdì)
- 農地改革／农地改革
- 農地重劃／农地重划
- 農場／农场 (nóngchǎng)
- 農墾／农垦 (nóngkěn)
- 農夫／农夫 (nóngfū)
- 農奴／农奴 (nóngnú)
- 農奴制度／农奴制度 (nóngnú zhìdù)
- 農婦／农妇
- 農學／农学 (nóngxué)
- 農宅／农宅
- 農官／农官
- 農家／农家 (nóngjiā)
- 農家女／农家女
- 農家子／农家子
- 農家子弟／农家子弟
- 農工／农工 (nónggōng)
- 農忙／农忙 (nóngmáng)
- 農戰／农战
- 農戶／农户 (nónghù)
- 農技／农技
- 農技團／农技团
- 農政／农政
- 農時／农时 (nóngshí)
- 農曆／农历 (nónglì)
- 農曆年／农历年 (nónglìnián)
- 農會／农会 (nónghuì)
- 農月／农月
- 農村／农村 (nóngcūn)
- 農林／农林 (nónglín)
- 農桑／农桑 (nóngsāng)
- 農業／农业 (nóngyè)
- 農業化學／农业化学 (nóngyè huàxué)
- 農業區／农业区
- 農業國／农业国 (nóngyèguó)
- 農業推廣／农业推广
- 農業改革／农业改革
- 農業社會／农业社会
- 農業經營／农业经营
- 農機／农机 (nóngjī)
- 農歌／农歌
- 農民／农民 (nóngmín)
- 農民團體／农民团体
- 農民年金／农民年金
- 農民曆／农民历
- 農民節／农民节
- 農活／农活 (nónghuó)
- 農牧／农牧
- 農產／农产 (nóngchǎn)
- 農產加工／农产加工
- 農產品／农产品 (nóngchǎnpǐn)
- 農產物／农产物
- 農產運銷／农产运销
- 農田／农田 (nóngtián)
- 農田水利／农田水利
- 農神／农神 (nóngshén)
- 農科／农科 (Nóngkē)
- 農經／农经
- 農耕／农耕 (nónggēng)
- 農耕隊／农耕队
- 農舍／农舍 (nóngshè)
- 農莊／农庄 (nóngzhuāng)
- 農藝／农艺 (nóngyì)
- 農藥／农药 (nóngyào)
- 農諺／农谚 (nóngyàn)
- 農轉非／农转非
- 農運／农运 (nóngyùn)
- 農閒／农闲 (nóngxián)
- 農隙／农隙
- 近郊農業／近郊农业
- 酪農／酪农 (làonóng)
- 酪農業／酪农业
- 金農／金农
- 隸農／隶农
- 雇農 (gùnóng)
- 高農／高农
- 黃農／黄农
- 龔遂勸農／龚遂劝农
References
edit- “農”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
edit農
Readings
editEtymology
edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 農 |
| のう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 農 (nowng, “agriculture, farming”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editUsage notes
editFor the farmer sense, the terms 農家 (nōka) or 農夫 (nōfu, “male farmer”) or 農婦 (nōfu, “female farmer”) may be used more often.
Derived terms
editDerived terms
- 農園 (nōen): a plantation (emphasis on the growing of garden products)
- 農家 (nōka): a farmer; a farming family
- 農業 (nōgyō): farming (as an occupation)
- 農作 (nōsaku): farming (with an emphasis on the work itself)
- 農商 (nōshō): agriculture and commerce
- 農場 (nōjō): a farm (including the buildings)
- 農地 (nōchi): agricultural land, a farm (emphasis on the land)
- 農民 (nōmin): a peasant, an agrarian
References
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 農 (MC nowng).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 노ᇰ (nwong) (Yale: nwong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 롱 (lwong) (Yale: lwong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [no̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [농]
Hanja
edit
- hanja form? of 농 (“agriculture”)
Compounds
editCompounds
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit農: Hán Nôm readings: nông, nong, nôn, núng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- zh:Catholicism
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