預

See also: 预

預	U+9810, 預 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9810

← 頏
[U+980F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

頑 →
[U+9811]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

預 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 弓弓一月金 (NNMBC), four-corner 1128₆, composition ⿰予頁)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1401, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43373
Dae Jaweon: page 1917, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4363, character 10
Unihan data for U+9810

ChineseEdit

trad.		預
simp.		预
2nd round simp.		予
alternative forms		奕 Hokkien specific senses

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (予) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
野	laːʔ, ɦljaʔ
壄	*laːʔ
序	*ljaʔ
抒	ljaʔ, hlja, *ɦljaʔ
芧	*l'aʔ
杼	l'aʔ, ɦljaʔ
墅	*ɦljaːʔ
舒	*hlja
紓	hlja, ɦljaʔ
妤	*la
伃	*la
予	la, laʔ
預	*las
忬	*las
豫	*las
蕷	*las
澦	*las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *las): phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ) + semantic 頁.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): jyu⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yi⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yi
Min Dong (BUC): ê̤ṳ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ū / īr / ī / ǐr

(Teochew, Peng'im): e⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): hhy (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yù
  - Wade–Giles: yü⁴
  - Yale: yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁶
  - Yale: yuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ji³²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ê̤ṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /øy²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ū
  - Tâi-lô: ū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: u
  - IPA (Xiamen): /u²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /u³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: īr
  - Tâi-lô: īr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /ɯ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Tainan, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ī
  - Tâi-lô: ī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: i
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /i³³/
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /i⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /i²²/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ǐr
  - Tâi-lô: ǐr
  - IPA (Lukang): /ɨ³³/

Note:

Xiamen:
- ū - literary;
- ī - vernacular (“to participate; to play; to start”).
Taiwan:
- ī/ū/īr/ǐr - literary;
- ī - vernacular (“to play”).

(Teochew)

Peng'im: e⁶
Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ̆
Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɯ³⁵/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhy (T3)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦy²³/

Middle Chinese: /jɨʌ^H/

Rime
Character	預
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊洳切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/iɔ^H/
Wang Li	/jĭo^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*las/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	預
Reading #	1/1
No.	15740
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	豫
Old Chinese	/*las/

DefinitionsEdit

預

^† beforehand
^† to take part in
(Xiamen, Zhangzhou Min Nan) to participate in an activity
(Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwanese Hokkien) to play (chess, cards, mahjong, hide-and-seek, etc.)
(Xiamen, Zhangzhou Min Nan, of an activity) to start
(Cantonese, Teochew) to foresee; to expect; to anticipate
我預咗佢會遲到㗎啦。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我预咗佢会迟到㗎啦。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ jyu⁶ zo² keoi⁵ wui⁵ ci⁴ dou³ gaa³ laa¹. [Jyutping]
I knew he was going to be late.
(Cantonese, Teochew) to prepare; to plan for; to estimate
今晚有朋友上嚟食飯，你預多啲飯餸喇喎。 [Cantonese, trad.]
今晚有朋友上嚟食饭，你预多啲饭𩠌喇㖞。 [Cantonese, simp.]
gam¹ maan^5-1 jau⁵ pang⁴ jau⁵ soeng⁶ lai⁴ sik⁶ faan⁶, nei⁵ jyu⁶ do¹ di¹ faan⁶ sung³ laa³ wo³. [Jyutping]
A friend is coming over for dinner tonight, so prepare more food.
(Cantonese) to reserve a place; to count someone in
預返啲位畀佢擺行李喎。 [Cantonese, trad.]
预返啲位畀佢摆行李㖞。 [Cantonese, simp.]
jyu⁶ faan¹ di¹ wai^6-2 bei² keoi⁵ baai² hang⁴ lei⁵ wo³. [Jyutping]
Save some space for him to put his luggage.

聽日旅行預埋你㗎喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
听日旅行预埋你㗎喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
teng¹ jat⁶ leoi⁵ hang⁴ jyu⁶ maai⁴ nei⁵ gaa³ laa³. [Jyutping]
We're counting you in for tomorrow's trip.