-ül
Azerbaijani edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
preceding vowel | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / Ə / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü | |
postconsonantal except after L |
-ıl | -il | -ul | -ül |
after L | -ın | -in | -un | -ün |
postvocalic | -n |
-ül
- Form of -il after the vowels Ö / Ü and a consonant other than L.
Derived terms edit
See -il.
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix edit
-ül
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form a middle-voice verb. It is similar to -edik.
Usage notes edit
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-ül (essive-modal case suffix)
- (essive sense) as, with the intention of (front-vowel variant of -ul)
- Synonyms: -ként, -képp/-képpen, (stating the capacity) mint
- meglepetés (“surprise”) + -ül → meglepetésül (“as a surprise”)
- vég (“end”) + -ül → végül (“finally, eventually”, literally “as an/the end”)
- (modal sense, adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb.
- feltétlen (“unconditional, definite”) + -ül → feltétlenül (“unconditionally, definitely”)
- török (“Turkish”) + -ül → törökül (“in Turkish”)
Usage notes edit
- (essive-modal case suffix) Variants:
- -ul is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- -ül is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
Hungarian case suffixes
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Turkish edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
preceding vowel | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü | |
postconsonantal except after L |
-ıl | -il | -ul | -ül |
after L | -ın | -in | -un | -ün |
postvocalic | -n |
-ül
- Form of -il after the vowels Ö / Ü and a consonant other than L.
Derived terms edit
See -il.
Volapük edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ül
- offspring, young (of an animal), young organism (animal or plant) (e.g., torül = young bull, bullock; kunül = young cow, heifer; lupül = wolf cub)
- Hypocoristic or used to denote affection for the noun. (e.g., Samül = Sammy)
Usage notes edit
- In many languages, the diminutive form of a word can also be used to denote not (just) littleness but (also) affection or intimacy (for the word's referent), whereas in Volapük this secondary meaning of the diminutive is split off, since Volapük attempts, somewhat like Lojban, to avoid polysemy.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- -il (“diminutive suffix”)