AzerbaijaniEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L
-ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-ul

  1. Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L.
    yormaq (to tire out) + ‎-ul → ‎yorulmaq (to get tired)
    tutmaq (to catch) + ‎-ul → ‎tutulmaq (to get caught)

Derived termsEdit

See -il.

HungarianEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

SuffixEdit

-ul

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Appended to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning.
    csoportos (collective) + ‎-ul → ‎csoportosul (to form a group)
    azonos (identical) + ‎-ul → ‎azonosul (to identify; to associate oneself with some group)
    von (to pull) + ‎-ul → ‎vonul (to go along, to stalk, to march, literally to pull oneself)
    alak (shape) + ‎-ul → ‎alakul (to take shape)
Usage notesEdit
  • (verb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -ul is added to back-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.
    lassú (slow) + ‎-ul → ‎lassul (to slow down)
    -ül is added to front-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

SuffixEdit

-ul

  1. (case suffix) as, with the intention of (the essive sense of the essive-modal case)
    Synonyms: -ként, -képp/-képpen, (stating the capacity) mint
    ajándék (gift, present) + ‎-ul → ‎ajándékul (as a gift)
    példa (example) + ‎-ul → ‎például (for example; as an example)
  2. (adverb-forming suffix) Appended to an adjective to form an adverb (the modal sense of the essive-modal case).
    rossz (bad) + ‎-ul → ‎rosszul (badly)
    angol (English) + ‎-ul → ‎angolul (in English)
Usage notesEdit
  • (adverb-forming suffix and case suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -ul is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
    -ül is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

SuffixEdit

-ul

  1. Alternative form of -el (agentive suffix)

RomanianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • -l (for masculine and neuter nouns ending in a vowel other than -e or -i)
  • -le (for masculine and neuter nouns ending in -e)

EtymologyEdit

Variant of -l with the original u (lost in most modern Romanian nouns) reappearing at the end of the noun it is attached to as a link to the definite article to make pronunciation smoother. For example, in its evolution from Latin, the word foc probably passed through a phase in early Romanian where it was *focu, but the u only appears now as a part of the definite form, focul (with the definite article suffix -l), corresponding to Vulgar Latin *focu illu. The grammatical rule was generalized and also came to apply to nouns of non-Latin origin after they became part of Romanian (e.g. războirăzboiul). Compare Aromanian -lu.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-ul m or n

  1. variant of -l
    the (definite article)

Usage notesEdit

This form of the definite article is used for both masculine and neuter singular nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which do not end in a vowel, except for -i (which is somewhat uncommon in Romanian):

The suffix is also used with masculine and neuter singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies:

In informal speech, the final -l is often not pronounced.

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

TurkishEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L
-ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-ul

  1. Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L.
    yormak (to tire out) + ‎-ul → ‎yorulmak (to get tired)
    tutmak (to hold) + ‎-ul → ‎tutulmak (to be held)

Derived termsEdit

See -il.