-nál
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Case suffix.
SuffixEdit
-nál
- (case suffix) Used to form the adessive case:
Usage notesEdit
Hungarian case suffixes
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
- (case suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -nál is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- a hegy lába (“the foot of the mountain”) → a hegy lábánál — at the foot of the mountain
- -nél is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
- az ágy feje (“the head of the bed”) → az ágy fejénél — at the head of the bed
- -nál is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
-ná (conditional suffix) + -l (personal suffix)
SuffixEdit
-nál
- (personal suffix) Used to form the second-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
- olvas (“to read”) → Olvasnál valamit? — Would you read something?
Usage notesEdit
Conditional indefinite – personal endings
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -nék | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anék | -enék | ||
te | 2nd person singular | -nál | -nél | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anál | -enél | ||
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | -na | -ne | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-ana | -ene | ||
mi | 1st person plural | -nánk | -nénk | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anánk | -enénk | ||
ti | 2nd person plural | -nátok | -nétek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anátok | -enétek | ||
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nának | -nének | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anának | -enének | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (personal suffix) Harmonic variants: