User:Victar/-dʰh₁-
PIE constructions
edit- *bʰer-dʰh₁- (“to carry off”) (< *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”))[1]
- *bʰeyH-dʰh₁- (< *bʰeyH- (“to frighten”)[2][3])[4]
- *h₂ewis-dʰh₁- (< *h₂éw-i-s < *h₂ew- (“to perceive”))
- *h₂éwisdʰh₁-e-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *awistʰomai
- Ancient Greek: αἴσθομαι (aísthomai), αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai)
- Proto-Italic: *awizdjō
- Latin: audiō (“to hear”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *awistʰomai
- *h₂éwisdʰh₁-e-ti
- *h₂reh₁-dʰh₁- (“to think”) (< *h₂reh₁- (“to think; to count”))[6]
- *h₂el-dʰh₁- (< *h₂el- (“to grow”))
- *h₂rey-dʰh₁- (“to put in order”) (< *h₂rey- (“to count, arrange”))[7]
- *h₂ewh₁-dʰh₁- (< *h₂ewh₁- < metathesized *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”))
- *h₂welh₁-dʰh₁- (< *h₂welh₁- (“to resist”))[9]
- *h₃er-dʰh₁- (“to increase; high”) (< *h₃er- (“to rise”))[10]
- *ǵʰleh₂-dʰh₁- (< *ǵʰleh₂- < metathesized *ǵʰelh₂- (“to shine, sparkle”))
- *gʷerH-dʰh₁- (< *gʷerH- (“to praise”))[12]
- *gʷr̥dʰh₁-é-ti
- *gʷr̥Hdʰh₁-éye-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥HdʰHáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥HdʰHáyati
- Sanskrit: [script needed] (gūrdhayā, “to praise”, 2sg.impv.)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥HdʰHáyati
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥HdʰHáyati
- *gʷerdʰh₁-ó-s[N 1][13]
- *gʷǵʰréh₁-dʰh₁- (< *gʷǵʰr-éh₁- < *gʷǵʰer- (“to float, flow”))[14]
- *gʷǵʰroh₁dʰh₁-éye-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gĵraHdʰHáyati
- Proto-Iranian: *gĵraHdHáyati
- Avestan: [script needed] (āγzrādaiieⁱti, “to let rise”)
- Proto-Iranian: *gĵraHdHáyati
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gĵraHdʰHáyati
- *gʷǵʰroh₁dʰh₁-éye-ti
- *kers-dʰh₁- (< *kers- (“to cut (off)”))[17]
- *kérsdʰh₁-e-ti
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: [Term?] (kärṣt-)
- Tocharian B: [Term?] (kärst-)
- Proto-Tocharian:
- *kérsdʰh₁-e-ti
- *kew-dʰh₁-[N 1] (< *kewh₂-dʰh₁- < *kewh₂- < metathesized *keh₂u- (“to beat, split”))[18]
- *kéwdʰh₁-e-ti
- Proto-Tocharian: [Term?] (“to split”)
- Tocharian A: [Term?] (kot-)
- Tocharian B: [Term?] (kaut-)
- Proto-Tocharian: [Term?] (“to split”)
- Proto-Indo-European: *kuh₂dʰh₁éti (“beat, knock”) (metathesized from *kh₂udʰh₁éti)[19]
- Proto-Italic: *kūdō (“beat, hammer”)
- Proto-Indo-European: *kéh₂udʰh₁-eh₂ (“cleaved, separate”)
- Proto-Indo-European: *kh₂ewdʰh₁-eh₂ (“cleaved, separate”)
- *kéwdʰh₁-e-ti
- *kh₂ey-dʰh₁- (< *kh₂ey-)
- *kleh₂-dʰh₁- (< *kleh₂- (“to put, to lay out”))[20]
- *kléh₂dʰh₁-e-ti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *klasti (“to put, lay”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *kléh₂dʰh₁-e-ti
- *ḱel-dʰh₁- (< *ḱel- (“to hide, conceal”) or *kel- (“to drive”)[22])
- *ḱéldʰh₁-e-ti
- Proto-Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, to keep”)
- *ḱéldʰh₁-e-ti
- *ḱleh₃-dʰh₁- (< *ḱleh₃- < metathesized *ḱelh₃- (“to spin”))[23]
- *ḱred-dʰh₁- (“to believe, trust”) (< *ḱred- (“heart”))[25][26]
- *leh₂-dʰh₁- (< *leh₂- (“to hide”))[28]
- *h₁é-leh₂dʰh₁-t ~ *h₁e-lh₂dʰh₁-én-t
- *léh₂dʰh₁-e-ti
- *lh₂-né-dʰh₁-ti ~ *lh₂-n-dʰh₁-én-ti
- *léh₂dʰh₁-s-e-ti
- *le-lóh₂dʰh₁-e ~ *le-lh₂dʰh₁-ḗr
- *mens-dʰh₁- (< *men- (“to think, mind”))[29]
- *ped-dʰh₁- (< *ped- (“to walk”))[30]
- *poddʰh₁-éye-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *padᶻdʰHáyeti
- Proto-Iranian: *pazdHáyeti
- Younger Avestan: [script needed] (pazdaiieiti)
- Parthian: [script needed] (pzdyd)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (tvaśd-), [script needed] (uspaśd-), [script needed] (naṣpaśd-)
- Proto-Iranian: *pazdHáyeti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *padᶻdʰHáyeti
- *poddʰh₁-éye-ti
- *pleh₁-dʰh₁- (< *pleh₁- (“to fill up, get full”))[31]
- *puH-dʰh₁- (< *puH- (“rotten, foul”))[32]
- Proto-Hellenic: *pū́tʰomai
- Ancient Greek: πῡ́θομαι (pū́thomai)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pū́tʰomai
- *(s)ker-dʰh₁- (“to cut, pierce”)[33] (< *(s)ker- (“to shave, srape, cut off”)[34])
- *(s)pʰen-dʰh₁- (“to bend, stretch”)[N 1] (< *(s)pʰenh₁- (“to bend, stretch”)[N 5] < *s-bʰenh₁- < *bʰenh₁-)
- *srew-dʰh₁- (< *srew- (“to flow, stream”))
- *steh₂-dʰh₁- (< *steh₂- (“to stand”))
- *strey-dʰh₁- (< *strey- (“to resist”))
- *swep-dʰh₁- (< *swep- (“to sleep”))[14]
- *swép-dʰh₁-e-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swábdʰHati
- Proto-Iranian: *hwábdHati
- Avestan: [script needed] (xᵛabda-, “to fall asleep”)
- Proto-Iranian: *hwábdHati
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swábdʰHati
- *swép-dʰh₁-e-ti
- *weys-dʰh₁- (< *weys- (“to raise, carry”))[14]
- *wéysdʰh₁-e-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždʰHati
- Proto-Iranian: *wáyždHati
- Avestan: [script needed] (vōiždat̰, “to raise”)
- Proto-Iranian: *wáyždHati
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždʰHati
- *wéysdʰh₁-e-ti
Nominal constructions
edit- *gew-dʰh₁- (< *gew- (“to curve, bend, twist”))
- *ḱweh₁-dʰh₁- (< *ḱweh₁- < metathesized *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, be strong”))
- *meǵh₂-dʰh₁- (< *méǵh₂s (“big, great”))
*-gʰh₃-
editPerhaps from *gʰeh₃- (“to go beyond, be the result of”), compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *žō (whence Latvian aiz).
- *der-gʰh₃- (< *der- (“to tear, pluck, slice”))
- *dʰreh₂-gʰh₃- (“to irritate”) (< *dʰreh₂-)
- *gʷerh₃-gʰh₃- (< *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour, eat”))
- *gʷr̥h₃-gʰh₃-ónt-s
- Proto-Germanic: *kragą (“throat; collar”)
- *gʷr̥h₃-gʰh₃-ónt-s
- *(s)ker-gʰh₃- (< *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”))
- *(s)kr̥-né-gʰh₃-ti ~ *(s)kr̥-n-gʰh₃-énti
- *(s)kr̥ngʰh₃-ó-s
- *(s)kr̥ngʰh₃-tró-m
- Proto-Italic: *krengatrom
- Umbrian: krenkatrum, cringatro
- Proto-Italic: *krengatrom
- *(s)kr̥-né-gʰh₃-ti ~ *(s)kr̥-n-gʰh₃-énti
- *ten-gʰh₃- (< *ten- (“to extend”))
Symbols
edit
- C = consonant
- D = voiced stop [b, d, g, ǵ, gʷ]
- F = fricative [f, s, H]
- Η = laryngeal [h₁, h₂, h₃]
- L = liquid [l, r]
- N = nasal [n, m]
- P = stop [D, T]
- R = sonorant [L, N]
- T = voiceless stop [p, t, k, ḱ, kʷ]
- V = vowel
Notes
edit- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 H > ∅ / C_]σCC (Lex Schmidt-Hackstein)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 F > ∅ / VR_]σ (Szemerényi's Law)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 H > ∅ / {$_Ro,oR_$} (The Saussure Effect)
- ^ H > ∅ / σ[_y- (Pinault's Law)
- ^ Dʰ > Tʰ / #s_ (Siebs's law)
- ^ Dʰ > D / { T-_, _-T }
Anatolian constructions
edit- *dōʔes-dʔ- (< *dōʔós < *dʰoh₁-ó-s < *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”))[49]
- *dōʔesdʔ-oy-
- Hittite: [script needed] (ta-a-iš-ta-i /tāištai/, “to load”)
- *dōʔesdʔ-oy-
Hellenic constructions
edit- *kʷeléhtʰō (< *kʷelésyō, *kʷeléhyō, *kʷeléyyō (whence τελέω (teléō, “to bring about, complete”)) < *kʷélos (whence τέλος (télos, “completion, result”)) < *kʷél-o-s < *kʷelh₁- (“to turn (around)”))[49]
- Ancient Greek:
- Attic, Doric, Epic, Ionic: τελέθω (teléthō, “to come into being”)
- Ancient Greek:
- *nḗtʰō (< *nḗō (whence νήω (nḗō)) < *snéh₁-e-ti < *sneh₁- (“to spin”))[53]
- Ancient Greek:
- Attic, Doric, Epic, Ionic: νήθω (nḗthō, “to spin”)
- Ancient Greek:
- *peláhtʰō (< *pelásyō, *peláhyō, *peláyyō (whence πελάζω (pelázō), πελάω (peláō, “to get close”)) < *pélas (whence πέλας (pélas, “close by”)) < *pélh₂-s < *pelh₂- (“to approach”))[49]
- Ancient Greek:
- Attic, Epic: πελάθω (peláthō, “to approach”)
- Ancient Greek:
- *pʰtʰinútʰō (< *pʰtʰinúō < *dʰgʷʰi-néw-ti < *dʰgʷʰey- (“to waste away, perish”))[54]
- Ancient Greek:
- Attic, Doric, Epic, Ionic: φθινύθω (phthinúthō, “to destroy”)
- Ancient Greek:
References
edit- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*bʰerdʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 77-78
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “foedus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 229
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhōi- : bhəi : bhī- (bhii̯ə-)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 161-162
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “baidyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(h₁)rek̑s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 361-362
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rōdjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*raid(j)a-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 402: “*h₂rei-dʰh₁- "to put in order"”
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rēdi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 306-307
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯elH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 676
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arduga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 33-34
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Lua error in Module:quote at line 2600: |title= is an alias of |chapter=; cannot specify a value for both
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gu̯g̑ʰer¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 213-214
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S. (2017–2018) “Chapter XI: Celtic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Celtic, page 1256
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gu̯g̑ʰer¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 213-214
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3.*kerH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 353-354
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Byrd (2015) The Indo-European Syllable
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*kers-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 355-356
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*keh₂u̯-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 345-346
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cūdō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 149
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hlaþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 229
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kreu̯H-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 371
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kel-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 348
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leh₃dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 362
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?2.*k̑ei̯-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 321
- ^ Schijiver 1991: 134f.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “crēdō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 141-142
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*k̑i̯eh₂-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 361-362
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*leh₂dʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 401-402
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “προμηθής”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1237
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pazd2”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 304-305
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleh₁-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 482-483
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πύθομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1255-1256
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*skerdʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 558
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*(s)ker-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 556-557
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “465”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 464
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stōda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 480
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*strīdan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 485
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*teh₂-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 616
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*i̯eh₃s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 311
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*razdǭ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 407
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “kes-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 585
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hezdōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 225
- ^ Pinault MSS 38 (1979): 165-170
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*mizdō(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σπάθη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1374
- ^ Klingenschmitt:132
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spadan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 464
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Wort”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ku̯lh₁-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 386-387
- ^ Lua error in Module:quote at line 2600: |title= is an alias of |chapter=; cannot specify a value for both
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*sesT-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
- ^ Lua error in Module:quote at line 2600: |title= is an alias of |chapter=; cannot specify a value for both
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*sneh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 571-572
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*dʰgu̯hei̯-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 150-151