tort
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /tɔːt/
Audio (RP) (file) - (General American) enPR: tô(ɹ)t, IPA(key): /tɔɹt/
Audio (GA) (file) - Homophone: torte; taught, taut (in non-rhotic accents)
- Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)t
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English tort (“(uncountable) wrong; (countable) an injury, a wrong”),[1] from Old French tort (“misdeed, wrong”) (modern French tort (“an error, wrong; a fault”)), from Medieval Latin tortum (“injustice, wrong”), a noun use of a neuter singular participle form of Latin tortus (“crooked; twisted”), the perfect passive participle of torqueō (“to bend or twist awry, distort”),[2] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).
- Galician torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong, tort”)
- Italian torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) injustice, wrong”)
- Norwegian Bokmål tort (dated, now only in fixed expressions)
- Norwegian Nynorsk tort (dated, now only in fixed expressions)
- Occitan tort
- Old French tort (modern French tort)
- Portuguese torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong”)
- Spanish tuerto (“injury, offence”)
Noun edit
tort (plural torts)
- (law) A wrongful act, whether intentional or negligent, regarded as non-criminal and unrelated to a contract, which causes an injury and can be remedied in civil court, usually through the awarding of damages. [from late 16th c.]
- Synonym: (Scots law) delict
- [1628, Edw[ard] Coke, “Of Rents”, in The First Part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England. […], London: […] [Adam Islip] for the Societe of Stationers, →OCLC, book 2, chapter 12, section 234, folio 158, verso:
- […] Wrong or Iniury, is in French aptly called Tort, becauſe Iniury & wrong is wreſted or crooked, being contrary to that which is right and ſtreight. […] And Britton ſaith that Tort a la ley eſt contrarye [a wrong to the law is contrary], and as aptly for the cauſe aforeſaid is iniury in English called wrong.]
- 1768, William Blackstone, “Of Wrongs, and Their Remedies, Respecting the Rights of Persons”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book III (Of Private Wrongs), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 117:
- Personal actions are ſuch vvhereby a man claims a debt, or perſonal duty, or damages in lieu thereof; and likevviſe vvhereby a man claims a ſatisfaction in damages for ſome injury done to his perſon or property. The former are ſaid to be founded on contracts, the latter upon torts or vvrongs: […] of the latter all actions for treſpaſſes, nuſances, aſſaults, defamatory vvords, and the like.
- 1891, Henry Campbell Black, “TORT”, in A Dictionary of Law […], St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., →OCLC, page 1178, column 1:
- A tort is a legal wrong committed upon the person or property independent of contract. It may be either (1) a direct invasion of some legal right of the individual; (2) the infraction of some public duty by which special damage accrues to the individual; (3) the violation of some private obligation by which like damage accrues to the individual.
- (obsolete) An injury or wrong. [late 14th – 18th c.]
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 4, page 172:
- Then gan triumphant Trompets ſovvnd on hye, / That ſent to heuen the ecchoed report / Of their nevv ioy, and happie victory / Gainſt him, that had them long oppreſt with tort, / And faſt impriſoned in ſieged fort.
- 1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale.”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC, signature P3, verso:
- For no vvild beaſts ſhould do them any torte / There or abroad, ne vvould his maieſtye / Vſe them but vvell, vvith gracious clemencye, / As vvhome he knevv to him both faſt and true; […]
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English tort, torte (“contorted, crooked; twisted”),[3] from Old French tort, torte (“crooked; twisted”), or from its etymon Latin tortus (“crooked; twisted”):[4] see further at etymology 1.
Adjective edit
tort
- (obsolete) Twisted.
- 1569, Richard Grafton, “Edwarde the Seconde”, in A Chronicle at Large, and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande, […], London: […] Henry Denham, […], for Richarde Tottle and Humffrey Toye, →OCLC; republished in Grafton’s Chronicle; or, History of England. […], volume I, London: […] [George Woodfall] for J[oseph] Johnson; […], 1809, →OCLC, page 322:
- And the first that came and gaue them most comfort was Henry Erle of Lãcaster with yͤ wrieneck, called Tort coll [torticollis], who was brother to Thomas Erle of Lãcaster yͭ was behedded, as ye haue heard before, who was a right vertuous & good knight as after ye shal here.
Etymology 3 edit
Adjective edit
tort (comparative more tort, superlative most tort)
Translations edit
Etymology 4 edit
Adjective edit
tort (comparative torter, superlative tortest) (Britain, dialectal, obsolete)
- Synonym of taut (“stretched tight; under tension”)
- 1847, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Initial, Dæmonic, and Celestial Love”, in Poems, Boston, Mass.: James Munroe and Company, →OCLC, part I (The Initial Love), page 158:
- Yet holds he them with tortest rein, / That they may seize and entertain / The glance that to their glance opposes, / Like fiery honey sucked from roses.
- (nautical) Of a boat: watertight.
Translations edit
Etymology 5 edit
Noun edit
tort (plural torts)
Translations edit
Etymology 6 edit
Noun edit
tort (plural torts)
- (slang) Clipping of tortoiseshell (“a domestic cat, guinea pig, rabbit, or other animal whose fur has black, brown, and yellow markings”); a tortie.
Translations edit
References edit
- ^ “tort, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “tort, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2022; “tort, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “tort(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “† tort, adj.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “TORT”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 198, column 2.
- ^ Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “TART, adj. and sb.2”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 35.
- ^ Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “TAUT, adj. and v.1”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 42, column 2.
Further reading edit
Anagrams edit
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Catalan tort, from Latin tortus (“twisted”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
tort (feminine torta, masculine plural torts, feminine plural tortes)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Noun edit
tort m (plural torts)
References edit
- “tort” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “tort” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
tort (genitive tordi, partitive torti)
- large cake; cream cake, gateau
Declension edit
Declension of tort (ÕS type 22e/riik, t-d gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tort | tordid | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | tordi | ||
genitive | tortide | ||
partitive | torti | torte tortisid | |
illative | torti tordisse |
tortidesse tordesse | |
inessive | tordis | tortides tordes | |
elative | tordist | tortidest tordest | |
allative | tordile | tortidele tordele | |
adessive | tordil | tortidel tordel | |
ablative | tordilt | tortidelt tordelt | |
translative | tordiks | tortideks tordeks | |
terminative | tordini | tortideni | |
essive | tordina | tortidena | |
abessive | tordita | tortideta | |
comitative | tordiga | tortidega |
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French tort, from Latin tortum, substantive use of tortus, the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”).
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /tɔʁ/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔʁ
- Homophones: tord, tords, tore, tores, tors, torts (general), taure, taures (one pronunciation)
Noun edit
tort m (plural torts)
- fault
- wrong, error
- Je regrette, vous avez tort. I'm afraid you are mistaken.
- Nous avons fait notre choix, à tort ou à raison. We have made our choice, rightly or wrongly.
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Volume I, Chapter IV:
- [J]e suis le valeureux don Quichotte de la Manche, le défaiseur de torts et le réparateur d’iniquités.
- ... I am the valiant Don Quixote of La Mancha, the undoer of wrongs and the repairer of iniquities.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “tort”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tort
Middle English edit
Etymology edit
From Old French tort, from Latin tortum.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tort (plural tortes)
Descendants edit
References edit
- “tort, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French tort, from Latin tortum.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tort
- (law) offense against someone, an insult or inconvenience caused to someone
Usage notes edit
Only used in the legal phrase tort og svie.
Related terms edit
References edit
- “tort” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Verb edit
tort
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Latin tortum, substantive use of tortus, the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”).
Noun edit
tort oblique singular, m (oblique plural torz or tortz, nominative singular torz or tortz, nominative plural tort)
- wrong; misdeed (something considered wrong)
- 12th Century, Béroul, Tristan et Iseut:
- Sovent regrete le roi Marc
Son oncle, qui a fait tel tort- King Mark often regretted
That his uncle had done such a bad thing
- King Mark often regretted
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Old Occitan edit
Etymology edit
From Latin tortum, substantive use of tortus, the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”).
Noun edit
tort m (oblique plural tortz, nominative singular tortz, nominative plural tort)
References edit
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “torquēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 1010
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tort m inan (diminutive torcik, related adjective tortowy)
- torte, gateau (type of cake)
- birthday cake
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
tort n (plural torturi)
- thread (spun and made of hemp)
- quantity of spun threads
Declension edit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) tort | tortul | (niște) torturi | torturile |
genitive/dative | (unui) tort | tortului | (unor) torturi | torturilor |
vocative | tortule | torturilor |
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
tort n (plural torturi)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) tort | tortul | (niște) torturi | torturile |
genitive/dative | (unui) tort | tortului | (unor) torturi | torturilor |
vocative | tortule | torturilor |
See also edit
Veps edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
tort
Inflection edit
Inflection of tort (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | tort | ||
genitive sing. | tortan | ||
partitive sing. | tortad | ||
partitive plur. | tortid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tort | tortad | |
accusative | tortan | tortad | |
genitive | tortan | tortiden | |
partitive | tortad | tortid | |
essive-instructive | tortan | tortin | |
translative | tortaks | tortikš | |
inessive | tortas | tortiš | |
elative | tortaspäi | tortišpäi | |
illative | tortaha tortha |
tortihe | |
adessive | tortal | tortil | |
ablative | tortalpäi | tortilpäi | |
allative | tortale | tortile | |
abessive | tortata | tortita | |
comitative | tortanke | tortidenke | |
prolative | tortadme | tortidme | |
approximative I | tortanno | tortidenno | |
approximative II | tortannoks | tortidennoks | |
egressive | tortannopäi | tortidennopäi | |
terminative I | tortahasai torthasai |
tortihesai | |
terminative II | tortalesai | tortilesai | |
terminative III | tortassai | — | |
additive I | tortahapäi torthapäi |
tortihepäi | |
additive II | tortalepäi | tortilepäi |
References edit
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “торт”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika